We examine the effects of forest fragmentation on the structure and composition of tree assemblages within three seasonal and aseasonal forest types of southern Brazil, including evergreen, Araucaria, and deciduous forests. We sampled three southernmost Atlantic Forest landscapes, including the largest continuous forest protected areas within each forest type. Tree assemblages in each forest ty...

background: cesarean section delivery can lead to much maternal morbidity. different cytokines have been reported to be influenced by the mode of delivery. objective: to investigate the influence of mode of delivery on maternal, placental and cord sera of interferon gamma (ifn-γ), interleukin-4 (il-4) and interleukin-10 (il-10) levels. methods: these three cytokines were measured using elisa in...

the need to establish power plants to supply the required electricity of the country has been rising due to increasing demand levels as well as the lack of governmental resources. furthermore, the available traditional attitude in performing and conducting power plant projects has made government seek a modern attitude. this paper tries to use the topics that have been employed in automotive in...

the prevalence of spinal cord injury (sci) is about 2.5 million in the worldwide and more than 130,000 new injuries reported each year. regeneration in the cns versus the pns is very different from the other tissues and many factors can prevent regeneration in pns and specially cns. previous researches demonstrated that regeneration of cns can inhibit by inhibitory molecules and glial scar. the...

parsi zira, bunium persicum (boiss.) b. fedtsch., or black zira, a member of the umbellifera family, is one of the most important medicinal species with high economic value. generally, there is limited information about in vitro culture of bunium persicum. in this study, the effect of various media (ms, b5) and combinations of plant growth regulators, naa and 2,4-d alone or together with kin, o...

Understanding how stem cells interact with cardiomyocytes is crucial for cell-based therapies to restore the cardiomyocyte loss that occurs during myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. It has been thought that functional myocardial repair and regeneration could be regulated by stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact. However, because various contact modes (junction formation, cell fusion, p...

We model turbulent plane Couette flow in the minimal flow unit (MFU) – a domain whose spanwise and streamwise extent is just sufficient to maintain turbulence – by expanding the velocity field as a sum of optimal modes calculated via proper orthogonal decomposition from numerical data. Ordinary differential equations are obtained by Galerkin projection of the Navier–Stokes equations onto these ...