The Self Organizing Map SOM is a powerful neural network for analysis and visualization of high dimensional data It maps nonlinear statistical relationships be tween high dimensional input data into simple geometric relationships on a usually two dimensional grid The mapping roughly preserves the most important topological and metric relationships of the original data elements and thus inherent...

Seismic protective devices in the form of isolation and supplemental damping devices can be effective means in mitigating the seismic responses of structures. The required stiffness and damping values to achieve optimal performance depend on the characteristics of structures and ground motions. Instead of using actively controlled devices, one can select the passive devices to roughly mimic the...

In seismic resistance design, the design seismic motion is usually defined by elastic response spectra to reflect the characteristic in frequency. Whilst, either the phase of a reference seismic record or random phase is used in generation of artificial wave. The influence of phase on structural response can not be properly defined, as it is often omitted for linear elastic responses. But for t...

The discovery of causal relationships between a set of observed variables is a fundamental problem in science. For continuous-valued data linear acyclic causal models with additive noise are often used because these models are well understood and there are well-known methods to fit them to data. In reality, of course, many causal relationships are more or less nonlinear, raising some doubts as ...

the present study was conducted to determine peak ground acceleration (pga) over bedrock in probabilistic analysis methods for the seismic hazard and uniform hazard spectra at different hazard levels for esfahan city. a series of statistics containing historical and instrumental seismic data covering from the 8th century a.d. to the now up to a radius of 200 km was employed and seismic sources ...

Background: Different patterns of gender-based relationships between attitude toward smoking and self-esteem with smoking behavior have reported. However, such associations may be much more complex than a simply supposed linear relationship. We aimed to propose a method of providing hand details on the total and gender-based scenarios of the relationships between attitude toward smoking and sel...

XML is increasingly being adopted for information publishing on the World Wide Web. However, the underlying data is often stored in the relational databases. Some mechanism is needed to convert the relational data into XML data. In this work, we employ a semantically rich semistructured data model, the Object-RelationshipAttribute model for semistructured data, as a middleware to support the sc...

Many statistical agencies, survey organizations, and research centers collect data that su↵er from item nonresponse and erroneous or inconsistent values. These data may be required to satisfy linear constraints, e.g., bounds on individual variables and inequalities for ratios or sums of variables. Often these constraints are designed to identify faulty values, which then are blanked and imputed...

Seismic interferometry, also known as Green’s function retrieval by crosscorrelation, has a wide range of applications, ranging from surface-wave tomography using ambient noise, to creating virtual sources for improved reflection seismology. Despite its successful applications, the crosscorrelation approach also has its limitations. The main underlying assumptions are that the medium is lossles...