We study the asymptotic regime of strong electric fields that leads from the Vlasov–Poisson system to the Incompressible Euler equations. We also deal with the Vlasov–Poisson–Fokker– Planck system which induces dissipative effects. The originality consists in considering a situation with a finite total charge confined by a strong external field. In turn, the limiting equation is set in a bounde...

A three-dimensional semi-implicit edge-based unstructured-mesh model is developed that integrates nonhydrostatic anelastic equations, suitable for simulation of small-to-mesoscale atmospheric flows. The model builds on nonoscillatory forwardin-time MPDATA approach using finite-volume discretization and admitting unstructured meshes with arbitrarily shaped cells. The numerical advancements are e...

Three-dimensional modeling of upper-mantle anelastic structure reveals that thermal upwellings associated with the two superplumes, imaged by seismic elastic tomography at the base of the mantle, persist through the upper-mantle transition zone and are deflected horizontally beneath the lithosphere. This explains the unique transverse shear wave isotropy in the central Pacific. We infer that th...

S U M M A R Y We derive both 3-D and 2-D Fréchet sensitivity kernels for surface-wave group-delay and anelastic attenuation measurements. A finite-frequency group-delay exhibits 2-D off-ray sensitivity either to the local phase-velocity perturbation δc/c or to its dispersion ω(∂/∂ω)(δc/c) as well as to the local group-velocity perturbation δC/C . This dual dependence makes the raytheoretical in...