Background: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) represents mainly cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to various complications associated with renal dysfunction—defined as type 4 CRS by Ronco et al.—because the effect of cardiac dysfunction on the kidneys does not need to be taken into consideration, unlike in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (C...

Background: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) represents mainly cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to various complications associated with renal dysfunction—defined as type 4 CRS by Ronco et al.—because the effect of cardiac dysfunction on the kidneys does not need to be taken into consideration, unlike in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (C...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and it is projected to be the third by 2020 or earlier. Patients with COPD frequently have other chronic diseases and systemic effects that worsen their clinical status and prognosis. The best recognized manifestations include the presence of concomitant cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle wasting, ...

Anemia is a frequently encountered problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and deteriorates as renal function declines. Anemia increases the risk of death in CKD patients with diabetes and hypertension, which are the 2 leading causes of CKD. Recent studies suggest that correction of anemia improves patient quality of life and may delay the progression to end-stage renal disease. Anemia is often...

celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affected 1% of all population in united state. classic manifestations ofdisease consist of early childhood diarrhea, malabsorption, steatorrhea and growth retardation but disease can affects adult at any age. in adult anemia is a more frequent finding. this patient was a 40-year-old lady with progressive fatigue and lower extremities pitting edema. ...

D iabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1,2). Anemia is common among those with diabetes and CKD and greatly contributes to patient outcomes (3,4). Observational studies indicate that low Hb levels in such patients may increase risk for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and m...

BACKGROUND Veterinary literature lacks data about cardiovascular-renal disorders (CvRD) and cardiorenal-anemia syndrome (CRAS) in dogs. HYPOTHESIS A direct correlation exists between ACVIM class and IRIS stage; chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicates chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD) more often than does anemia in dogs. ANIMALS One hundred and fifty-eight client-owned dogs with CMVD. M...