Insects are the largest group of animals in world—there over a million species insects, and they live just about everywhere! provide essential services for us ecosystems, such as pollination, nutrient recycling, pest control. Yet, most pay little attention to insects. Worryingly, insects also face many threats and, across globe, their populations at risk. Understanding importance is vital prote...

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system , or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review.

An artificial life entertainment software product called Creatures was released in Europe in late 1996 and in the United States and Japan in mid-1997. When installed on a domestic computer (PC or Macintosh), each Creatures CD-ROM creates a virtual world in which autonomous software agents exist. The agents, known as "norn," interact with the human user, with each other, and with objects in thei...

the books written on the world strange items and categories ,may be called as a literary genre, too. they also originate from the people's beliefs, traditions, customs, and culture of a specific region. some of these strange items and categories have been turned into various tales of mysteries. the experts of other fields, such as geography, history, etc. have used them as well. azari toos...

Artificial creatures are autonomous mobile agents that have to react in real-time to sensors and plan and perform actions in the real world. Current effective architectures for artificial creatures are behavior-based and use variants of the subsumption architecture. The paper proposes an extension to these architectures in terms of a layer which introduces cognitive capabilities to artificial c...

Which living organisms are conscious, feeling creatures, and which more like sophisticated robots that can only respond to stimuli solve simple problems? There many different hotly debated answers this question. We used biology come up with a new approach for determining conscious. propose learn in specific, flexible manner Using criterion, it is likely consciousness first appeared about 540 mi...