The ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) is widely used to investigate the structural dynamics and interactions of liquids, solutions, solids by observing their intrinsic nonlinear temporal responses through nearly collinear four-wave mixing. Non-degenerate mixing schemes allow for background free detection can provide information on interplay between a material’s internal degrees freedom. Here,...

On the ground of manufacturing, sheet metal parts play a key role as they cover about half of the production processes. Sheet metals are commonly obtained from rolling and forming processes which causes misalignment of micro structure resulting obvious anisotropic characteristics and micro cracks. Presence of micro cracks poses serious attention, when stresses at the tip reach to the critical v...

We extend recently developed mesh-free Lagrangian methods for numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to arbitrary anisotropic diffusion equations, including: passive scalar diffusion, Spitzer–Braginskii conduction and viscosity, cosmic ray diffusion/streaming, anisotropic radiation transport, non-ideal MHD (Ohmic resistivity, ambipolar diffusion, the Hall effect) and turbulent ‘eddy diffusion’. W...

We investigate the effect of anisotropic elastic energy on defect patterns of liquid crystals confined in a three-dimensional spherical domain within the framework of Landau–de Gennes model. Two typical strong anchoring boundary conditions, namely homeotropic and mirror-homeotropic anchoring conditions, are considered. For the homeotropic anchoring, we find three different configurations: uniax...

The relationship of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis to the physical state of the cholesteryl ester in J774 murine macrophages was explored in cells induced to store cholesteryl esters either in anisotropic (ordered) inclusions or isotropic (liquid) inclusions. In contrast to other cell systems, the rate of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis was faster in cells containing anisotropic inclusions than in c...

The Pedersen-Freed theory for chemically induced dynamic spin polarization CIDN(E)P is generalized to include the effects of anisotropic reactivities and anisotropic exchange interactions on the radical-pair mechanism. Detailed results are given for the simple case in which only one radical exhibits anisotropy that is approximated by a cosine distribution, and the rotational and translational m...