We report on the synthesis, microstructure and mass transport properties of a colloidal hydrogel self-assembled from a mixture of colloidal silica and nontronite clay plates at different particle concentrations. The gel-structure had uniaxial long-range anisotropy caused by alignment of the clay particles in a strong external magnetic field. After gelation the colloidal silica covered the clay ...

The scattering anisotropy, g, of tissue can be a powerful metric of tissue structure, and is most directly measured via goniometry and fitting to the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. We present a method based on an independent attenuation measurement of the scattering coefficient along with Monte Carlo simulations to account for multiple scattering, allowing the accurate determination of measu...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Knowledge about optical parameters and the resultant light distribution in laser-treated tissue is important for predicting the effects of laser-induced thermotherapy of liver metastases (LITT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The absorption and scattering coefficients as well as the anisotropy factors and the optical penetration depths of human liver tissue and colorectal live...

We consider strips of Ising spins at criticality. For strips of width N sites, subdominant (additive) finite-size corrections to scaling are assumed to be of the form a(k)/N(k) for the free energy, and b(k)/N(k) for inverse correlation length, with integer values of k. We investigate the set {a(k),b(k)} (k≥2) by exact evaluation and numerical transfer-matrix diagonalization techniques, and thei...

The bending-induced polarization of barium titanate single crystals has been measured with an aim to elucidate the origin of the large difference between theoretically predicted and experimentally measured flexoelectricity in this material. The results indicate that part of the difference is due to polar regions (short-range order) that exist above T(C) and up to T*≈200-225 °C. Above T*, howeve...

Image distortion caused by gradient eddy currents is a major problem in the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as using the uncorrected images for calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusion anisotropy will result in areas of artificially increased anisotropy and ADC at the edge of the images, as well as decreased spatial resolution and accuracy in ADC computations ove...

The plasma flow in the heliospheric interface is considered. The applicability of hydrodynamic description for this flow is studied. The effect of the magnetic field on the transport properties in the interface plasma is discussed and the dimensionless parameters related to the plasma flow are estimated. It is found that both resistivity and Hall effect can be neglected in Ohm’s law, so that th...

Distinguishing between low-grade oligodendrogliomas (ODs) and astrocytomas (AC) is of interest for defining prognosis and stratifying patients to specific treatment regimens. The purpose of this study was to determine if the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion imaging can help to differentiate between newly diagnosed grade II OD and AC subtypes and...

BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor cardiac magnetic resonance (DT-CMR) enables probing of the microarchitecture of the myocardium, but the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) reported in healthy volunteers have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to validate a stimulated-echo diffusion sequence using phantoms, and to assess the intercentre reproducibility of in...

Diffusion anisotropy was investigated in the developing rat brain [postnatal day (P)6-29] with the use of ion-selective microelectrodes to measure the three-dimensional distribution of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) iontophoresed into the extracellular space (ECS). The diffusion parameters, ECS volume fraction alpha (alpha = ECS volume/total tissue volume), tortuosity lambda (lambda2 = apparent dif...