Ankle fractures are the most frequent accounting for 10% of all fractures, having an incidence about 184/100,000 per year. Moreover, after external rotation or dorsiflexion injuries, syndesmotic disruption typically occurs at ankle. The physiologic normality joint gets affected a transverse screw fixation, which decreases magnitude motion lower extremes tibia and fibula, reducing contact forces...

Introduction Functional methods of finding joint axes of rotation involve tracking the movement of one bone at a joint relative to another and subsequent calculation of the joint axis position and orientation from the locations of skinmounted markers. van den Bogert et al. [1] proposed a functional method of deter-mining the non-weight bearing axes of the ankle joint complex. Their subjects per...

This study examined biomechanical differences between habitually barefoot male and habitually shod male during vertical jump. Foot morphology was measured with Easy-Foot-Scan. Foot kinetics and ankle kinematics were obtained from EMED pressure platform and Vicon motion analysis system as completing vertical jumps under barefoot condition. The results showed that habitually barefoot subjects had...

We undertook a prospective study to analyse the outcome of 48 malunited pronation-external rotation fractures of the ankle in 48 patients (25 females and 23 males) with a mean age of 45 years (21 to 69), treated by realignment osteotomies. The interval between the injury and reconstruction was a mean of 20.2 months (3 to 98). In all patients, valgus malalignment of the distal tibia and malunio...

We present the results of a prospective study of supination external rotation ankle injuries with an isolated fibula fracture on plain radiographs. The purpose of this study was to see if a correlation exists between the preoperative evaluation and the intraoperative arthroscopic evaluation of the deltoid ligament complex in these injuries. Gravity stress radiographs of the ankle were evaluated...

Four-bar linkage mechanisms produced by many designers of knee joints for trans-femoral prostheses can provide knee rotation to permit walking only. In Afro-Asian countries people are accustomed to a squatting posture in their daily activities. A six-bar linkage knee-ankle mechanism trans-femoral prosthesis is described which was developed and fitted to an amputee. The motion patterns of the an...

The objective of the study was a quantitative examination of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercise in simultaneous combination with FES of lower extremity muscles in comparison to voluntary movement, training with PNF alone, or training with FES alone. Two subjects were monitored during a one-month rehabilitation period. The PNF pattern included flexion, adduction, and extern...

7 Fractures of the malleolus associated with syndesmotic injuries are common. Diagnosis of the syndesmotic injury often is missed and requires stress testing. An initial stable syndesmosis on x-ray may get displaced in later x-ray and a high suspicion Index can prevent one from missing this injury. Figure 1 and 2. Accurate reduction and stable fixation of the syndesmosis are critical to outcome...

BACKGROUND Joint angle data from healthy subjects are necessary as baseline information. OBJECTIVE To analyze the problems of patients who struggle with activities of daily living (ADL) due to restricted range of motion and to provide ADL guidance based on objective data. METHOD An electromagnetic three-dimensional tracking system (FASTRAK) was used to quantify the hip, knee, and ankle angl...