Human brucellosis is most commonly diagnosed by serology based on agglutination of fixed Brucella abortus as antigen. Nucleic acid amplification techniques have not proven capable of reproducibly and sensitively demonstrating the presence of Brucella DNA in clinical specimens. We sought to optimize a monoclonal antibody-based assay to detect Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide in blood by co...

Nanobodies are the smallest natural fragments with useful properties such as high affinity, distinct paratope and high stability, which make them an ideal tool for detecting target antigens. In this study, we generated and characterized nanobodies against the Cry1Ac toxin and applied them in a biotin-streptavidin based double antibodies (nanobodies) sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA) assay. After immun...

Several studies have reported a good correlation between levels of serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) before and after antiviral therapy. As a result, the quantification of HBsAg levels has attracted much attention in recent years as an important approach to evaluate viral activity. In this study, mAbs against HBsAg were generated and 9 m...

A cystatin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L1 antigen was developed to detect specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) and was evaluated for its diagnostic potential for human fasciolosis. In an analysis of the sera of 13 patients infected with F. gigantica, 209 patients with other parasitic...

BACKGROUND The potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is determined using a single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. This assay is relatively easy to standardize, it is not technically demanding, and it is capable of measuring the potency of several vaccine strain subtypes in a multivalent vaccine. Nevertheless, alternative methods that retain the major advantages of the SRID, but with a ...

An ultra-sensitive sandwich ELISA was developed for detection of AFM1 in milk. The assay involved the immobilization of rat monoclonal antibody of AFM1 in 384 microtiter plate to capture AFM1 antigen. This was detected by tracer secondary rabbit poly-clonal antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase upon addition of a luminol-based substrate. Milk samples with different fat percentage were a...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major surface component of most Gram-negative bacteria and recognized by immune cells as pathogen-associated molecules. Antibodies against O antigens can provide protection infection vaccines have been developed conjugating to carrier proteins enhance immunogenicity. This study aims produce antigen from Escherichia coli analyze the in vivo test results poultry usin...

background: a β-mercaptoethnol (β-me)-treated promastigote antigen of l. donovani was successfully employed in direct agglutination test (dat) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). objective: the β-me-treated antigen was further incorporated into an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay set-up (β-me elisa) and evaluated for vl diagnosis against outcome of reference freeze-dried dat (fd-...

Measurement of humoral tumor-specific immunity can predict what proteins are specific tumor antigens, be used to evaluate patient diagnosis or prognosis, and function as a method by which one can measure the effects of an immune intervention, such as a vaccine. Antibody assays can easily be adapted to high throughput formats; however, specific reagents needed for assay development often are not...