The aim of this study was to estimate the effects Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016–2020 (NAP) antimicrobial use (AMU). Monthly AMU from January 2013 December 2019 calculated using sales data, and time-series charts were then created for total antimicrobials target drug categories shown in NAP (oral cephalosporins, oral fluoroquinolones, macrolides, parenteral antimi...

Natural antimicrobials are secondary metabolites that can be found in plants, animals, and microorganisms.Plants, especially herbs and spices, are been given more attention in natural antimicrobial research, however; this chapter focuses on the newly discoveries in fruits and vegetables. Microorganisms that are been used in food fermentation also produce different antimicrobial metabolites incl...

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis is the increasing global incidence of infectious diseases affecting the human population, which are untreatable with any known antimicrobial agent. This crisis will have a devastating cost on human society as both debilitating and lethal diseases increase in frequency and scope. Three major factors determine this crisis: (1) the increasing frequency of ...

In vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for 21 antimicrobials against 41 isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type, the cause of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Of the antimicrobials used most widely in Africa, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin were effective, while the isolates were resistant to tylosin. These results provide a baseline for monitoring...

Xonghong Xiao and colleagues analyze the challenge of antimicrobial resistance in China. A government strategy to promote rational use of antimicrobials in health care reduced antibiotic sales and percentage of prescriptions for antimicrobials for both hospitalized patients and outpatients, and offers insights to shape future initiatives. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.