Effect of several soil fumigants on plant-parasitic nematodes, weeds, and snapdragon ( Antirrhinum majus L.) production were evaluated in a commercial site in southeast Florida in 2002-03. Treatments consisted of methyl bromide (98%) + chloropicrin (2%), metam sodium, metam sodium + chloropicrin, and a nontreated control. All fumigant treatments reduced (P < 0.05) weed populations compared to t...

Abstract To demonstrate the impact of planting date and pot shape on Flowering Seed Production Snapdragon plants under various production systems, a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design (RCBD) was carried out in local nursery city Duhok northern Iraq from Jan 10, 2021, to 6, 2022. Each experimental unit had eight pots, for total 92 pots experiment, which 24 units four rep...

The phenotypic plasticity of plants in response to change their light environment, and particularly, shade is a schoolbook example ecologically relevant with evolutionary adaptive implications. Epigenetic variation known potentially underlie plant plasticity. Yet, little about its role mechanisms shaping the diversity populations nature. Here we used reference-free reduced representation bisulf...

Previously it has been shown that the Xoral scent of snapdragon Xowers consists of a relatively simple mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds are thought to be involved in the attraction of pollinators; however, little is known about their eVect on other organisms, such as neighboring plants. Here, we report that VOCs from snapdragon Xowers inhibit Arabidopsis root growth...