Rmsl i s one of the series of five ramosus loci in pea (Pisum sativum 1.) in which recessive mutant alleles confer increased branching at basal and aerial vegetative nodes. Shoots of the nonallelic rms l and rms2 mutants are phenotypically similar in most respects. However, we found an up to 40-fold difference in root-sap zeatin riboside ([9R]Z) concentration between rms l and rms2 plants. Comp...

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of apical dominance, the expression patterns of genes that are preferentially expressed in dormant axillary buds of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) seedlings were investigated. We isolated two cDNA clones, cPsAD1 and cPsAD2 whose corresponding genes were named PsAD1 and PsAD2, from a cDNA library of dormant axillary buds using the differential display meth...

We have previously described the phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with mutations at the CLAVATA1 (CLV1) locus (Clark, S. E., Running, M. P. and Meyerowitz, E. M. (1993) Development 119, 397-418). Our investigations demonstrated that clv1 plants develop enlarged vegetative and inflorescence apical meristems, and enlarged and indeterminate floral meristems. Here, we present an analysis of...

Introduction: Apical seal in blood or dry root canal is a problem in endodontic treatment. Failure of apical seal causes inflammatory reaction and failure root canal treatment. Because of the sealer properties, root canal should be dry for obturation. But hydrophilic sealers can adhere to root canal walls nowadays and this problem is still controversial. This study aimed at determining the apic...

Auxins are growth regulators involved in virtually all aspects of plant development. However, little is known about how plants synthesize these essential compounds. We propose that the level of indole-3-acetic acid is regulated by the flux of indole-3-acetaldoxime through a cytochrome P450, CYP83B1, to the glucosinolate pathway. A T-DNA insertion in the CYP83B1 gene leads to plants with a pheno...

This study analyzed coarticulation involved in continuous speech based on articulographic data obtained from three Japanese male speakers. Distribution of the articulation points of vowels and consonants revealed that speakers might compensate for morphological differences in the hard palate by adjusting the location of vowel articulation points. To evaluate the effects of the left and right ph...

Arabidopsis possesses several genes related to the multidrug resistance (MDR) genes of animals, one of which, AtMDR1, was shown to be induced by the hormone auxin. Plants having mutations in AtMDR1 or its closest relative, AtPGP1, were isolated by a reverse genetic strategy. Auxin transport activity was greatly impaired in atmdr1 and atmdr1 atpgp1 double mutant plants. Epinastic cotyledons and ...

Sugarcane killing practices often result in inadequate eradication of the old crop. Techniques aimed at improving the efficacy of chemicals are therefore being researched. Results from a series of trials have shown that mechanical or hand slashing of ratoon cane suppresses apical dominance and generally enhances chemical cane killing action on the regrowth. Slashing before spraying proved to be...

A concentration as low as 1 microM lead (Pb) is highly toxic to plants, but previous studies have typically related plant growth to the total amount of Pb added to a solution. In the present experiment, the relative fresh mass of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) was reduced by 10% at a Pb2+ activity of 0.2 microM for the shoots and at a Pb2+ activity of 0.06 microM for the roots. The primary site of ...

Variation in grass architecture profoundly affects light capture, competition, and reproductive success, and is responsive to environmental factors such as crowding and nutrient limitation. Recent work in both model and crop systems has uncovered many aspects of the genetic control of branching, including conservation of the MONOCULM1 and MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING/DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE/RAMOS...