Fungal elicitor prepared from the cell walls of Aspergillum niger induces multiple responses of Hypericum perforatum cells, including nitric oxide (NO) generation, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and hypericin production. To determine the role of NO and JA in elicitor-induced hypericin production, we study the effects of NO scavenger 2- to 4-carboxyphenyl-4,4, 5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl...

OBJECTIVE To examine the expression, regulation, and potential roles of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in arthritic synovium. METHODS Expression of BMPs in arthritic synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondylarthropathy (SpA) and in noninflamed synovium from patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopies was studied by reverse transcription-polymerase ch...

cytotoxicity of depleted uranium, as a byproduct of military has been came to spotlight in recent decades. du is known as a chemical rather than radioactive hazard and efforts to illustrating its mechanism is undergo, but the precise complete molecular mechanisms are still unclear. recent studies showed that uranium induces biological changes in many different target tissues, such as the kidney...

Involvement of some signalling pathways in response to photodynamic therapy (PDT) of sulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine 27 Photosens has been studied in isolated nerve cell. Neurone photosensitisation with 10 M Photosens gradually inhibited firing and irreversibly abolished neuronal activity. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) preci...

The concept of immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD), as originally observed during the treatment with several chemotherapeutics or ionizing irradiation, has revolutionized the view on the development of new anticancer therapies. ICD is defined by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, emission of danger-associated molecular patterns and induction of...

   Cytotoxicity of depleted uranium, as a byproduct of military has been came to spotlight in recent decades. DU is known as a chemical rather than radioactive hazard and efforts to illustrating its mechanism is undergo, but the precise complete molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies showed that uranium induces biological changes in many different target tissues, such as the kid...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combining treatment with a light-excited compound and laser light induction, via cellular ROS generation, kills cancer cells by damaging organelles and impairing metabolic pathways. As the exact mechanisms underlying cancer cell death due to PDT treatment remain controversial, the influence of photosensitizer itself, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) on cancer cells was invest...

Retraction The Publisher and Editor regretfully retract this article [1] because the peer-review process was inappropriately influenced and compromised. As a result, the scientific integrity of the article cannot be guaranteed. A systematic and detailed investigation suggests that a third party was involved in supplying fabricated details of potential peer reviewers for a large number of manusc...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combining treatment with a light-excited compound and laser light induction, via cellular ROS generation, kills cancer cells by damaging organelles and impairing metabolic pathways. As the exact mechanisms underlying cancer cell death due to PDT treatment remain controversial, the influence of photosensitizer itself, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) on cancer cells was invest...