The availability of honey for the people Indonesia is met by harvesting in nature from Apis dorsata (A. dorsata) bees and livestock bees. One that often bred mellifera mellifera). Consumer considerations choosing are largely determined quality their preferences honey. This paper evaluates: 1) A. according to standard SNI 8664-2018, 2) comparison consumer two types Honey samples were taken harve...

One key advantage of eusociality is shared defense of the nest, brood, and stored food; nest defense plays an important role in the biology of eusocial bees. Recent studies on honey bees, Apis mellifera, have focused on the placement of defensive activity in the overall scheme of division of labor, showing that guard bees play a unique and important role in colony defense. Alarm pheromones func...

The aim of this study was to develop a method for automated discrimination of three honeybee subspecies used for breeding in Poland: A. mellifera carnica, A. m. caucasica and A. m. mellifera. The method developed exploits characteristic venation of forewings. Samples of bees were collected from 1042 bee colonies of the three subspecies. From each of the colonies 20 right forewings were dissecte...

Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees, but its relationship with other parasites and prevalence are poorly known. We analyzed individual honey bees from three colonies at different times post emergence in order to monitor the dynamics of the AmFV gut colonization under natural conditions. Prevalence and loads of microsporidia and trypanosomes...

A restrained honey bee can be trained to extend its proboscis in response to the pairing of an odor with a sucrose reward, a form of olfactory associative learning referred to as the proboscis extension response (PER). Although the ability of flying honey bees to respond to visual cues is well-established, associative visual learning in restrained honey bees has been challenging to demonstrate....

Because bees fly around, visit flowers and chase mates, we conclude intuitively that they see things as we do. But their vision is unexpectedly different, so we say it is anti-intuitive. Detailed tests have demonstrated separate detectors for modulation of blue and green receptors, edge orientation (green only), and areas of black. The edge detectors are about 3° across, independent, and not re...

This study investigates how the colour, shape and location of patterns could be memorized within a time frame. Bees were trained to visit two Y-mazes, one of which presented yellow vertical (rewarded) versus horizontal (non-rewarded) gratings at one site in the morning, while another presented blue horizontal (rewarded) versus vertical (non-rewarded) gratings at another site in the afternoon. T...