lishers, W. B. Saunders Company. This work which covers a very wide field, deals in a general manner with the rehabilitation, as industrial assets of persons disabled in body or mind, especially as a result of the late war. The writer lays great stress on work as an essential in treatment, and in discussing the proper management of institutions, he insists on the importance of appointing an " o...

1 Executive Director, Committee on Prosthetics Research and Development, National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council Early in 1945, at the request of the Surgeon General of the Army, the National Research Council sponsored a conference of surgeons, engineers, physicists, and prosthetists to consider the feasibility of effecting improvements in artificial limbs (2). Conclusions that e...

This chapter presents a procedure for the Determination of the Optimal Prosthesis Architecture for upper limb amputees (DOPA). The presented approach can consistently manage both the clinical aspects and the technical issues involved in the design of electromechanically actuated prostheses. The procedure is composed on one hand of algorithms useful for analyzing the patients’ requirements and o...

In this paper a model proposed by Sepulveda et al. [1] will be revised regarding the use of artificial neural networks to map EMG signals and joint dynamics in the lower-limb. The original model will be used to analyse other aspects of human gait, like muscle recruitment, movement patterns and to study a problem from a patient with a lesion in the femur's region. Some theory on neural networks ...

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia HIT is a potentially devastating complication of heparin therapy. The severe form of HIT has been associated with both venous and arterial thrombosis manifested by myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular occlusion, skin necrosis or limb ischemia. Several agents are now available as alternatives to heparin in patients with suspected HIT, including the thrombin spe...

The paper describes a new method and system, designed for application to upper extremity prosthesis. Artificial limb with our new system is robot arm controlled by EMG signals and monitored and corrected by set of ultrasonic sensors. The control system used to control robotic arms measured EMG signals from muscles and the signal from the ultrasonic sensors detect obstacles in the robot's motion...

The use of isolated in vitro spinal cord preparations to examine the underlying networks that control locomotion has become popular. It is also well known that afferent feedback can excite and modulate these networks. However, it is often difficult to selectively activate classes of afferents that subserve specific modalities using in vitro preparations. Here, we describe a technique where affe...

Birds still share many traits with their dinosaur ancestors, making them the best living group to reconstruct certain aspects of non-avian theropod biology. Bipedal, digitigrade locomotion and parasagittal hindlimb movement are some of those inherited traits. Living birds, however, maintain an unusually crouched hindlimb posture and locomotion powered by knee flexion, in contrast to the inferre...

To gain insight into past human physical activity, anthropologists often infer functional loading history from the morphology of limb bone remains. It is assumed that, during life, loading had a positive, dose-dependent effect on bone structure that can be identified despite other effects. Here, we investigate the effects of genetic background and functional loading on limb bones using mice fro...

While remarkable progress has been made in brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) over the past two decades, it is still difficult to utilize neural signals to drive artificial actuators to produce predictive movements in response to dynamic stimuli. In contrast to naturalistic limb movements largely based on forward planning, brain-controlled neuroprosthetics mainly rely on feedback without prior tra...