Genetic defects in the Rab27a or Munc13-4 gene lead to immunodeficiencies in humans, characterized by frequent viral and bacterial infections. However, the role of Rab27a and Munc13-4 in the regulation of systemic inflammation initiated by Gram-negative bacterium-derived pathogenic molecules is currently unknown. Using a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation, we show that Ra...

The Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston coal ash spill in December 2008 deposited approximately 4.1 million m(3) of fly ash and bottom ash into the Emory and Clinch River system (Harriman, Tennessee, U.S.A.). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the ash on surface water and sediment quality over an eighteen month period after the spill, with a specific focus on mercury a...

This investigation was performed to establish the effects of the source and amount of fly ash on abrasion resistance of concrete. A reference concrete was proportioned to have a 28day age strength of 41 MPa. Three sources of Class C fly ash were used in this research. From each source, three levels of fly ash to total cementitious materials content (40, 50, and 60%) were used in producing the c...

Application of bioash from biofuel combustion to soil supports nutrient recycling, but may have unwanted and detrimental ecotoxicological side-effects, as the ash is a complex mixture of compounds that could affect soil invertebrates directly or through changes in their food or habitat conditions. To examine this, we performed laboratory toxicity studies of the effects of wood-ash added to an a...

Large volumes of fly ash and other coal combustion products (CCPs) are produced every year by coal-fired power plants. About 50% of the CCPs produced in the U.S. is buried in impoundment lagoons or dry landfills. Fly ash is generally enriched in several potentially hazardous trace elements, such as As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Se, Sr, and V, which can leach from older, unlined disposal sites. Therefo...

In the filling of polymer, coal fly ash has been limited in use by its unlovely grey color. In order to improve the qualities of coal fly ash from Huaneng Power international Incorporation Dezhou Power Plant, its meso-structure and influencing factors on whiteness have been tested and analyzed. Ca(OH)2-H2O-CO2 system to modify the fly ash is conducted. Round coating testify that the system can ...

The present study focuses on the utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as replacement material for cement in concrete production. Sugarcane Bagasse ash contains high amorphous silica content and aluminium ion. For experimental investigations, Sugarcane bagasse ash and its chemical properties are obtained from KCP sugar factory, Andhra Pradesh. Ordinary Portland cement was partly replaced by suga...

Volcanic ash is fragments of magma, and consists of minerals and volcanic glass. These materials in the ash can provide important information on the nature of the magma, because chemical compositions of magma usually show distinct features in each volcano, and because assemblages and compositions of minerals reflect their host melt. Using assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals and gl...

Volcanic explosions are the most critical replenishing mechanism of stratospheric aerosol Junge layer. A fresh volcanic cloud comprises mostly sulfur-bearing gases, ash, and water vapor. It is commonly assumed that only sulfate aerosols remain in an aged cloud. Accurate simulation initial evolution multicomponent clouds largely missing due to insufficient spatial resolution a lack relevant phys...

On combustion, the trace elements in the incinerator feed stream are partitioned between the bottom ash (slag) stream, and a flue gas stream containing suspended fly ash and vapors of volatile elements or compounds. A further partitioning of the flue gas stream takes place in the particulate emission control devices that efficiently remove larger fly ash particles but are less efficient for vap...