Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and innate immunity in neutrophilic asthma and idiopathic bronchiectasis We read with interest the article by Simpson et al relating parameters of innate immunity, particularly expression of toll-like receptors (TLR)2, TLR4, CD14, SP-A and cytokines interleukin (IL)8 and IL1b, to disease in neutrophilic asthma and bronchiectasis. We agree that there is much to be gai...

Polymorphisms Influence the Late Inflammatory Response in Human Endotoxemia, Claudia Marsik, Bernd Jilma, Christian Joukhadar, Christine Mannhalter, Oswald Wagner, and Georg Endler ( Department of Clinical Pharmacology and 2 Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; * address correspondence to this author at: Department of Clinical P...

Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and innate immunity in neutrophilic asthma and idiopathic bronchiectasis We read with interest the article by Simpson et al relating parameters of innate immunity, particularly expression of toll-like receptors (TLR)2, TLR4, CD14, SP-A and cytokines interleukin (IL)8 and IL1b, to disease in neutrophilic asthma and bronchiectasis. We agree that there is much to be gai...

BACKGROUND Endotoxins stimulate T helper 1 cell maturation and send a negative signal to T helper 2 polarisation. This causes a decrease IgE levels and prevents atopy (Hygiene hypothesis). It is shown that this response is under genetic control by polymorphisms in CD14 and TLR4 genes in some researchs. We aimed to investigate the effects of genetic variants of CD14 (-) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr3...

Immune responses contribute to the success of radiation therapy of solid tumors; however, the mechanism of triggering CD8 + T-cell responses is poorly understood. Antigen cross-presentation from tumor cells by dendritic cells (DC) is a likely dominant mechanism to achieve CD8 + T-cell stimulation. We established a crosspresentation model in which DCs present a naturally expressed oncofoetal tum...