With the  t in place, the business of buying and selling reproductive tissues and services should have come to a screeching halt in Canada, especially given the penalties for breaking the law. The penalties include a ne of up to $500 000, imprisonment for up to 10 years, or both. This has not been the case, however. The legal prohibitions have largely been seen as nothing more than “paper ...

This article considers the early period of development of IVF in Ecuador, focusing on factors that shaped the decade after the nation's first successful IVF birth (1992–2002). It describes how a poorly resourced public healthcare sector compelled Ecuadorians towards private-sector medicine, which included assisted reproduction treatment, and how IVF clinics drew patients through the pervasive r...

Sunni Islam has no supreme legal authority and disagreement by doctors of Islamic law over all issues not clarified by Islamic law is physiological. This is the case with Medically Assisted Reproduction: after an initially critical attitude, tolerance, limited exclusively to homologous practices, is spreading, whilst recourse to heterologous practices is considered on a par with adultery or for...

Given the enormous ethicolegal controversies surrounding the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the United States, the most important role for nurses may be helping couples and third party participants obtain fully informed consent. The high compensation fees for egg donors may place them at special risk of exploitation. New government and professional guidelines, broader repres...

Different surgical methods such as PESA, MESA, TESA, TESE and micro-TESE have been developed to retrieve spermatozoa from either the epididymis or the testis according to the type of azoospermia, i.e., obstructive or non-obstructive. Laboratory techniques are used to remove contaminants, cellular debris, and red blood cells following collection of the epididymal fluid or testicular tissue. Surg...

The clinician has many tools in evaluating the patient with diseases of the reproductive tract: patient history, a thorough examination, an array of serum tests, and several imaging studies. In order to obtain and interpret the appropriate tests, the clinician requires a basic understanding of how each radiologic modality functions and which test will best serve the patient. An intimate knowled...

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2012;34(6):511–513 I is customary in obituaries to eulogize the deceased— to fondly remember their accomplishments, even if these were few and fleeting. Were I to write an obituary for Assisted Human Reproduction Canada (AHRC)1— the federal agency established “to protect and promote the health and safety, and the human dignity and human rights, of Canadians and to foster t...

Purpose: To evaluate the drop-to-drop and pellet-to-pellet repeatability and stability of frozen sperm pellets. Methods: Ten pellets were thawed per batch (low and normal concentration) and evaluated by two investigators to establish a quality control chart. Then low and normal concentration pellets were thawed and evaluated daily for 10 days by both investigators. The values for both investiga...

15. 14. Ogedengbe OK, Giwa-Osagie OF, Ogunyemi O. Implications of pattern of tubal disease for microsurgery and in-vitro fertilisation in Lagos. Journal of the National Medical Association , 1987, 79:510–512.

Uterine pathologies are found to be present in 25% of infertile patients [2] . Structural abnormalities of the uterus, such as leiomyoma, endom etrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), adenomyosis and mullerian anomalies, may affect the reproductive outcome adversely, by interfering with implantation or causing spontaneous abortion. Therefore, exclusion of any uterine pathology becomes an ...