Polymers are nowadays actively used in numerous applications owing their low cost and optimized structural properties. Besides, the miniaturization of the novel materials down to nano and even atomic scale needs the use of Electron Microscopy techniques both for imaging and structuring abilities. When used for surface modification, electrons and ions allow altering the surface properties toward...

in this research the experimental and theoretical studies on different enhanced oil recovery (eor) techniques, i.e. water flooding (wf), gas injection (gi) and water alternating gas process (wag) were performed on specimens taken from an iranian carbonate offshore reservoir at the reservoir condition. the experimental results for each specified techniques were compared with the corresponding re...

Traditional fluid mechanics edifies the indifference between liquid and gas flows as long as certain similarity parameters—most prominently the Reynolds number—are matched. This may or may not be the case for flows in nanoor microdevices. The customary continuum, Navier–Stokes modeling is ordinarily applicable for both air and water flowing in macrodevices. Even for common fluids such as air or...

hydrates are crystalline compounds similar to ice, with guest molecules like methane and ethane trapped inside cavities or cages formed by the hydrogen bounded framework of water molecules. these solid compounds give rise to problems in the natural gas oil industry because they can plug pipelines and process equipments. low dosage hydrate inhibitors are a recently developed hydrate control tech...

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) is a metabolic disorder in fast-growing broilers. Inconsistency of oxygen requirement and the cardiovascular ability make the birds susceptible to ascites. Incidence of ascites was accompanied by right ventricular hypertrophy, fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity and finally mortality. The objective of the current study was to review the genetic b...

The nickel-based catalyst was more active in the reverse water-gas shift reaction, but it is easy to sinter and deactivate high temperature reaction (≥600 °C). A urea-assisted impregnation method utilized create a Ni/SiO2-N increase catalytic stability of Ni-based catalysts. For at least 20 h, process 700 °C remained stable, RWGS conversion rate CO2 close equilibrium rate. catalysts were charac...

A gas kick simulation model for deep-water horizontal well with diesel-based drilling fluid is presented in this paper. This model is mainly based on the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. The unique aspect of this model is the fluid-gas coupling and the change of mud properties after the gas influx from the formation. The simulation results show that the gas in an annulus disso...

The structure of the carbon dioxide-water interface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and reflectivity at temperature and pressure conditions which allow the formation of gas hydrate. The water-gaseous CO2 and the water-liquid CO2 interface were examined. The two interfaces show a very different behavior with respect to the formation of gas hydrate. While the liquid-gas interface exhibits the f...

Water-based dispersed wavy flow, whereby the water with oil droplets moves along bottom of pipe and gas concurrently on top, is a frequently encountered horizontal oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern in petroleum production transportation. Accurate metering each individual phase significant to academic research industrial assurance. Therefore, we present combined electrical ultrasonic sensor...