As an important artificial neural network, associative memory model can be employed to mimic human thinking and machine intelligence. In this paper, first, a multi-valued many-to-many Gaussian associative memory model (MGAM) is proposed by introducing the Gaussian unidirectional associative memory model (GUAM) and Gaussian bidirectional associative memory model (GBAM) into Hattori et al’s multi...

Associative learning theories strive to capture the processes underlying and driving the change in strength of the associations between representations of stimuli that develop as a result of experience of the predictive relationships between those stimuli. Historically, formal models of associative learning have focused on two potential factors underlying associative change, namely processing o...

The time course of availability of associative and item information was examined by using a response signal procedure. Associative information discriminates between a studied pair of words and a pair with words from two different studied pairs. Item information is sufficient to discriminate between a studied pair and a pair not studied. In two experiments, discriminations that require associati...

Formal education has been proposed to shape life-long cognitive development. Studies reporting that gains from cognitive training transfer to untrained tasks suggest direct effects of mental activity on cognitive processing efficiency. However, associative memory practice has not been known to produce transfer effects, which is odd considering that the key neural substrate of associative memory...

We compactify the spaces K(m,n) introduced by Maxim Kontsevich. The initial idea was to construct an L∞ algebra governing the deformations of a (co)associative bialgebra. However, this compactification leads not to a resolution of the PROP of (co)associative bialgebras, but to a new algebraic structure we call here a CROC. It turns out that these constructions are related to the non-commutative...

A growing literature considers whether animals have capacities that are akin to human metacognition (i.e., humans' capacity to monitor their states of uncertainty and knowing). Comparative psychologists have approached this question by testing a dolphin, pigeons, rats, monkeys, and apes using perception, memory, and food-concealment paradigms. As part of this consideration, some associative mod...

Associative recognition and recall depend on structures in the medial temporal lobes (MTLs). There is disagreement about whether associative memory is functionally heterogeneous, whether it is functionally distinct from intra-item associative memory and how the MTLs contribute to this kind of memory. Despite an increase in research on associative memory, work has lacked a theoretical framework ...

Associative learning has provided fundamental insights to understanding psychopathology. However, psychopathology occurs along a continuum and as such, identification of disruptions in processes of associative learning associated with aspects of psychopathology illustrates a general flexibility in human associative learning. A handful of studies have looked specifically at individual difference...

Several models of associative learning predict that stimulus processing changes during association formation. How associative learning reconfigures neural circuits in primary sensory cortex to "learn" associative attributes of a stimulus remains unknown. Using 2-photon in vivo calcium imaging to measure responses of networks of neurons in primary somatosensory cortex, we discovered that associa...

These are the lecture notes from my short course of the same title at the CIMPA Research School on Associative and Nonassociative Algebras and Dialgebras: Theory and Algorithms In Honour of Jean-Louis Loday (1946–2012), held at CIMAT, Guanajuato, Mexico, February 17 to March 2, 2013. The underlying motivation is to apply the theory of noncommutative Gröbner bases in free associative algebras to...