The quality of two-way links is always asymmetric in practical two-way relay channels (TWRC) and therefore, the capacity of TWRC will be limited by the weaker link. An asymmetric modulation scheme, with physical layer network coding, was presented in order to improve the transmission reliability in TWRC. This makes full use of the stronger link to improve the overall transmission rate and also ...

This white paper informs on the state of high frequency trading (HFT) mainly in the U.S. The paper addresses three major issues: First, it addresses HFT as it is seen from various market agents’ perspectives, traders, institutional investors, regulators, academicians, and the public, collectively referred to as stakeholders. The paper establishes a survey to get information on aspects of HFT. A...

In many markets, Žrms can price discriminate between their own customers and their rivals’ customers, charging one price to consumers who prefer their own product and another price to consumers who prefer a rival’s product. We Žnd that when demand is symmetric, charging a lower price to a rival’s customers is always optimal. When demand is asymmetric, however, it may be more proŽtable to charge...

This paper extends the transmission framework from Joskow and Tirole (2005) to show how intermittent renewable capacity increases interact with transmission constraints both theoretically and empirically. The main prediction of the model is that transmission congestion leads to mitigated benefits from renewables due to lack of electricity to be traded to high priced market settlement points. We...

Transmission scans are an important part of the process of obtaining patient attenuation maps for accurate SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging. In order to avoid truncation of the projection data, asymmetric cone-beam imaging geometries were investigated. By using the BeaconTM SPECT system, it was shown that in the acquisition process transmission and emission imaging geo...

One of the main issues in international finance is the ratio of exchange rate pass through to consumer prices. The main objective of this study is to examine the exchange rate fluctuations and its asymmetric effect on consumer prices in Iran’s economy. In the present study, the effects of positive and negative impacts of the exchange rate on inflation rate and other macroeconomic variables of I...