Ang II is the major effector of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS). This system consists mainly of a 2-step enzymatic cascade catalyzed by renin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), generating Ang II [1], the effect of Ang II is mediated by Ang II receptors. Two isoforms of Ang II receptor have been identified: type 1 receptor (AT1R) and type 2 receptor (AT2R). In general, it i...

The exact molecular mechanism that mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis needs to be further clarified. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II) on collagen synthesis in hypoxic human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells. The HLF-1 cell line was used for in vitro studies. Angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angioten...

PURPOSE To investigate the retinal neural damage that occurs during inflammation and the therapeutic effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, telmisartan, using a model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS The localization of AT1R and AT2R was shown by immunohistochemistry. EIU was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animals were treat...

OBJECTIVE Polymorphisms in several genes of the renin-angiotensin system have been implicated as risk factors for myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease. In particular, it has been suggested that the angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polymorphisms might act synergistically to increase the risk of myocardi...

BACKGROUND Several studies have assessed the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D or angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R)-A C polymorphisms and blood pressure (BP). Since most data have been obtained in selected populations, the present study was performed in a healthy normotensive primary care population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the individual effects of the a...

Allograft rejection is a significant cause of renal transplant failure which needs prompt diagnosis and treatment for graft salvage. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody-mediated (AT1R-AMR) increasingly being identified as the etiology in kidney recipients with allograft but without detectable human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. While some reports have suggested that AT1R-AMR may be re...

The mechanism of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal integration is controversial. While GPCR assembly into hetero-oligomers facilitates signal integration of different receptor types, cross-talk between Gαi- and Gαq-coupled receptors is often thought to be oligomerization independent. In this study, we examined the mechanism of signal integration between the Gαi-coupled type I cannabinoid...

Activation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting that Sirt1 may prevent tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, we explored changes in the expression of Sirt1 in the kidneys of UUO-treated rats and evaluated the effects of Sirt1 activation or inhibition on renal pathology and mediators of UUO pathogenesis, especia...

TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo is accompanied by increased cardiac Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels, which is mediated by Angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) and type 2 receptors (AT2R). However, the possible involvement of this factor in TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. In this study we evaluated whether TH is able to modulate TGF-beta1 in isolated cardi...

OBJECTIVE Blockade of angiotensin (Ang) II has been shown to prevent new-onset type 2 diabetes. We focused on the effects of AngII on muscle mitochondria, especially on their biogenesis, as an underlining mechanism of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS C2C12 cells and C57bl/6 mice were used to examine roles for AngII in the regulation of muscle mitochondria and to explore whether th...