Baseline measurements were made of the amount and weight of beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, June 2008-July 2010. On 23 surveys, 32,696 total debris objects (identifiable items and pieces) were collected; total weight was 740.4 kg. Seventy-two percent of the total was pieces; 91% of the pieces were made of plastic materials. Pieces were composed primarily of polyethylene and ...

Coral reef habitats in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) are characterized by abundant top-level predators such as sharks and jacks. The predator assemblage is dominated both numerically and in biomass by giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis). A lower diversity of predatory teleosts, particularly groupers and snappers, distinguish...

As part of an investigation of the effect of plastic ingestion on seabirds in Hawaii, we necropsied the carcasses of 137 Laysan albatross (Diomedea immutabilis) chicks from Midway Atoll in the Pacific Ocean during the summer of 1987. Selected tissues were collected for microbiological, parasitological, toxicological or histopathological examinations. Dehydration was the most common cause of dea...

Black rats ( Rattus rattus ) and their stomach nematodes (Mastophorus muris) were historically introduced to islets at Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Line Islands. To investigate patterns of parasitism, we trapped rats and quantified nematodes on 13 islets of various sizes and habitat types. Most rats were parasitized (59%) with an average of 12 worms per infected rat. Islet size did not ...

Long-term monitoring of Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) by the All Sky Monitor on board the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer now covers ∼13 yr and shows that certain LMXB types display very long-term (approximately several to tens of years) quasi-periodic modulations. These time-scales are much longer than any ‘super-orbital’ periods reported hitherto and likely have a different origin. We suggest h...

We present the results of two simultaneous X-ray/radio observations of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 13+1, performed in July/ August 1999 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and the Very Large Array. In X-rays the source was observed in two distinct spectral states; a soft state, which had a corresponding 6 cm flux density of ∼0.25 mJy, and a hard state, which was much brighter at 1.3–7.2 mJy. ...

the study area is a part of the sanandaj-sirjan metamorphic belt comprising low- to high-graderegional and contact metamorphic rocks that are intruded by various plutonic bodies. garnet crystals areabundant in pelitic schists, amphibole schists, migmatites, hornfelses and aplites. they are mostly almandinerich(xalm>60) pyralspite garnets and show dodecahedron, trapezohedron and mixed (dodecahed...

As a complement to our efforts to update and revise the thermodynamic basis for predicting garnet-melt trace element partitioning using lattice-strain theory (van Westrenen and Draper in Contrib Mineral Petrol, this issue), we have performed detailed statistical evaluations of possible correlations between intensive and extensive variables and experimentally determined garnet-melt partitioning ...

PURPOSE THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EFFICIENCY OF ERBIUM, CHROMIUM: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser in different output powers for removing permanent resin cement residues and therefore its influence on microshear bond strength compared to other cleaning methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS 90 extracted human molars were sectioned in 1 mm thickness. Resin cement was applied to ...

We’ve seen that evaluating an idea in science is not always a matter of one key experiment and a definitive result. Scientists often consider multiple ideas at once and test those ideas in many different ways. This process generates multiple lines of evidence relevant to each idea. For example, two competing ideas about coral atoll formation (island subsidence vs. formation on debris-topped und...