In vitro selection can generate functional sequence variants of an RNA structural motif that are useful for comparative analysis. The technique is particularly valuable in cases where natural variation is unavailable or non-existent. We report the extension of this approach to a new extreme--the identification of a 112 nt ribozyme secondary structure imbedded within a 186 nt RNA. A pool of 10(1...

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual evaluation of fully automatic, first order Automated Theorem Proving systems – the world championship for such systems. CASC-J2 was the ninth competition in the CASC series. Twenty-six ATP systems and system variants competed in the various competition and demonstration divisions. An outline of the competition design, and a commentated summary...

INTRODUCTION .......................................... 235 PROPERTIES OF THE NITROGENASE PROTEINS ................... 237 Fe-Protein ............................................ 238 MoFe-Protein .......................................... 241 Species-Specific Variations in Nitrogenase Proteins ................... 245 GENETICS AND ASSEMBLY OF TIIE NITROGENASE PROTEINS ........ 246 MECHANISM OF N...

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual evaluation of fully automatic, first order Automated Theorem Proving systems – the world championship for such systems. This paper captures the state of CASC after CASC-20, the tenth CASC, held in 2005. It provides a summarized history of CASC, details of the current design of the competition, observations and discussion of the effects of CASC...

We have used in vitro selection techniques to characterize DNA sequences that are ligated efficiently by T4 RNA ligase. We find that the ensemble of selected sequences ligated about 10 times as efficiently as the random mixture of sequences used as the input for selection. Surprisingly, the majority of the selected sequences approximated a well-defined consensus sequence.

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This paper shows that the steady state of a system of conjugated reactions, which are characterized by disproportionation of entropy and proceed in the domain of linear interactions, is an attractor of ordering. Such systems are primed to produce ordering, and life is a specific manifestation of the sustained ordering inherent to the chemistry of carbon. The adenosine triphospate (ATP) molecule...