The hypothesis of cytokines as possible pain mediators in neurovascular inflammation offers a potential mechanism for the generation of migraine pain, but few studies examined cytokine levels in migraine patients. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ in serum of patients with migraine during attacks and attack-free periods. We evaluated ...

The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle that modulates differentiation, sensory functions, and signal transduction. After cilia are disassembled at the G0/G1 transition, formation of cilia is strictly inhibited in proliferating cells. However, the mechanisms of this inhibition are unknown. In this paper, we show that trichoplein disappeared from the basal body in quiescent cells, wherea...

Ictal dancing is a very rare seizure semiology. Five cases have been previously reported in the literature [1–4]. Even though one case report investigated with stereo-encephalography (SEEG) showing intracranial ictal EEG change arising from right prefrontal region, particularly right dorsolateral prefrontal area in patients with ictal singing associated with dancing, underlying mechanisms and t...

In this paper, I summarize the results of a decade-plus of research and development driven by the vision that human knowledge can be grounded in a small number of prototypical components that can be extended through composition and analogy. This vision has been embodied in a system called AURA, which has been used to engineer an expressive knowledge base for an intelligent biology textbook. The...

A s the effects of Moore's law cause computing systems to become cheaper and more plentiful, a new problem arises: increasingly, the bottleneck in computing is not its disk capacity, processor speed, or communication bandwidth, but rather the limited resource of human attention. Human attention refers to a user's ability to attend to his or her primary tasks, ignoring system-generated distracti...

Migraine is a neurological disorder that correlates with an increased risk of cerebrovascular lesions. Genetic mutations of the MTHFR gene are correlated to migraine and to the increased risk of artery pathologies. Also, migraine patients show altered hematochemical parameters, linked to an impaired platelet aggregation mechanism. Hence, the vascular assessment of migraineurs is of primary impo...

INTRODUCTION Typical aura without headache (TAWH), which has been rarely reported both at home and abroad, is a rare type of migraine with aura. CASE PRESENTATION This is a report on a 64-year-old Chinese migraineur who has had recurrent typical visual aura without headache attacks for more than 30 years, and has been misdiagnosed as having had transient ischemic attacks (TIA) many times. He ...

BACKGROUND It is known that exertion can aggravate migraine headache. However, the relationship between exertion and migraine aura is unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between exertion and migraine aura. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. PATIENT A 67-year-old man presented with recurrent attacks of exertion-induced hemiplegic migraine. Since the hemiparetic ...

OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of migraine with aura is thought to be related to cortical spreading depression and cortical hypersensitivity, in which inhibitory interneurons may play a role. Persistent migraine aura (PMA) without infarction is defined as auras that last longer than 1 week in the absence of infarction. We describe a case of persistent aura with a small occipital cortical infarct...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the association between migraine with aura and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is modified by vascular risk groups as measured by the Framingham risk score for coronary heart disease. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Women's health study, United States. PARTICIPANTS 27 519 women who were free from cardiovascular disease at baseline with avai...