This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The recent recovery in Latin America has been impressive but ...

Although the merits of parents using corporal punishment to discipline children have been argued for decades, a thorough understanding of whether and how corporal punishment affects children has not been reached. Toward this end, the author first presents the results of meta-analyses of the association between parental corporal punishment and 11 child behaviors and experiences. Parental corpora...

This commentary considers the six papers on assimilative integration in the larger context of the significance of this specific form of integration for psychotherapy integration in general. The author begins by revealing his bias that theoretical integration is the most mature form of psychotherapy integration. In this context, he views assimilative integration as an advanced form of eclecticis...

In this article, the author reviews studies on the neuroanatomical underpinnings of temporal structure in music. Music’s temporal structure has been studied using all the tools available to modern cognitive neuroscience, including genetic models, neuroimaging, mathematical models, and lesion studies. Regions of the brain that attend to and track ongoing temporal structure in music are bilateral...

The National Institute of Environmental Heath Sciences (NIEHS), as part of the Metadata Generation Research Project, is exploring resource authors' abilities for creating acceptable metadata. As part of this work, two different versions of the NIEHS Dublin Core-based metadata generation tool have been tested. An iterative design approach, supported by cognitive walkthroughs, guided the design o...

Starting with a review of the literature and documents pertaining to health promotion in the developed countries, highlighting the Canadian output, the author reflects on the multiple meanings ascribed to the "empowerment" category/strategy. After a summary of the conceptual development of health promotion ideals, the paper analyzes the theoretical aspects of "empowerment", suggesting its class...

The development of Renewable Energy (RE) has become a major societal challenge. Even though RE technology is improving fast, the general public has been slow to adopt it. Meanwhile many RE cooperatives have been created; they act as social entrepreneurs in utilizing the social capital of a community to engage the public. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to consider how they can contribute t...

The author discusses the challenges faced by the Brazilian graduate studies system with an emphasis on the human health sector. He identifies imbalances in the supply side of knowledge, a prime territory for graduate programs, while highlighting that a proper conceptualization of such imbalances is incomplete if it fails to incorporate the demands for scientific and technological knowledge comi...

Suicide has been associated traditionally with major depression, alcoholism, and schizophrenia and in the past several years with alcoholism and comorbid depression. More recently, however, panic disorder has been linked with suicide attempts, and the importance of severe anxiety symptoms (panic attacks, psychic anxiety, and agitation) as possible predictors of suicide risk in patients with maj...

This paper reports on the results of an analysis of 80 copyright transfer agreements (CTAs) with particular regard to their effect on author self-archiving. It shows the number of CTAs asking for copyright assignment, the time of assignment and what happens when copyright cannot be assigned. It outlines the warranties required of the author, and the exceptions granted back to the author by whic...