The myth of individual genius and achievement--as opposed to cooperative efforts--is deeply ingrained in American culture. Americans seem deeply committed to the idea of the individual hero---a rugged self-starter who meets challenges and overcomes adversity. Sports, for example, are more often defined by individual superstars than by the quality of teamwork. Academic excellence is more often p...

Table olives are one of the most important traditional fermented vegetables in Southern European (Italy, Greece and Spain) countries. In the Greek-style production system, the fruits are placed directly into the brine, thus allowing the natural fermentation to take place. The spontaneous fermentations, that can last 8–12 months, are driven by mixed populations of microorganisms, mainly the epip...

Metabolism of aromatic amino acids by lactic acid bacteria is an important source of off-flavor compounds in Cheddar cheese. Previous work has shown that alpha-keto acids produced from Trp, Tyr, and Phe by aminotransferase enzymes are chemically labile and may degrade spontaneously into a variety of off-flavor compounds. However, dairy lactobacilli can convert unstable alpha-keto acids to more-...

The present work aimed to produce Minas Frescal cheese with the replacement of commercial lactic culture by fermented kefir milk (FKM) and verify some its physicochemical characteristics, aiming mainly at development a new probiotic dairy product low production cost as compared use cultures. Kefir grains were added whole UHT 22ºC/24 hours in an incubator, after fermentation separated FKM was us...