In recent years significant progress has been made in near-infrared single photon detection using Geiger-mode InPbased single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). A more detailed understanding of these detectors with regard to device design, material growth and device fabrication has led to continual performance improvements. A variety of circuits for enabling SPAD Geiger-mode operation have been p...

We explore statistical characteristics of avalanches associated with the dynamics of a complexnetwork model, where two modules corresponding to sensorial and symbolic memories interact, representing unconscious and conscious mental processes. The model illustrates Freud’s ideas regarding the neuroses and that consciousness is related with symbolic and linguistic memory activity in the brain. It...

The 1/f-like decay observed in the power spectrum of electro-physiological signals, along with scale-free statistics of the so-called neuronal avalanches, constitutes evidence of criticality in neuronal systems. Recent in vitro studies have shown that avalanche dynamics at criticality corresponds to some specific balance of excitation and inhibition, thus suggesting that this is a basic feature...

Reported avalanche fatalities in the United States increased markedly through the latter half of the twentieth century, a result of the increasing popularity of winter sports. Despite this increase, the literature concerning US avalanche fatalities is sparse. This paper presents a comparison of three US databases containing avalanche fatality information: Storm Data, the West Wide Avalanche Net...

Differences between avalanche experts and novices have long been cited as a key issue in designing effective avalanche education, yet few investigations have quantitatively explored these differences. In this study, we examine how self-reported training, knowledge, skills, and behavior differ between avalanche experts and novices. From 2002 to 2004, we surveyed 300 avalanche professionals and w...

[1] The rock-ice avalanche that occurred in 2005 on Mount Steller, Alaska and the resulting long period seismic waves have been simulated for different avalanche scenarios (i.e., flow histories), with and without erosion processes taken into account. This 40–60 Mm avalanche traveled about 10 km down the slope, mainly on top of a glacier, eroding a significant amount of ice. It was recorded by 7...

The main finding of this paper is a novel avalanche-size exponent τ ≈ 1.87 when the generalised sandpile dynamics evolves on the real-world Japanese inter-firm network. The topology of this network is non-layered and directed, displaying the typical bow tie structure found in real-world directed networks, with cycles and triangles. We show that one can move from a strictly layered regular latti...

The best way to reduce avalanche accidents, is good avalanche forecasting, warning and education. Avalanches are influenced by a large variety of different factors, that have to be taken into consideration. Understanding the cross linking between these factors is very important but not easy to explain in books or verbally. A CD-ROM provides an ideal and up-to date medium of presenting and illus...