The axillary arch is the main variation of the axillary muscle. It was first described by Ramsay in 1795. In its classical form, it arises from the latissimus dorsi muscle and extends from this towards the pectoralis major, crossing the base of the axilla and creating a close relationship with the elements of the axillary neurovascular bundle. We describe the finding of 9 axillary arches, inclu...

BACKGROUND Generally, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is performed in patients with clinically negative axillary lymph node (LN). This study was to assess imaging techniques in axillary LN staging and to evaluate the feasibility of SLNB in patients clinically suspected of axillary LN metastasis on preoperative imaging techniques (SI). METHODS A prospectively maintained database of 767 breas...

This article has presented a rare case of multiple fibroadenomas of the breasts and axillary accessory breast. In the light of current knowledge, the most proper management is discussed. A 37-year-old woman was referred to our Breast Service due to complaint of a right axillary accessory breast nodule. On physical examination, there were no palpable breast nodules. Bilateral axillary accessory ...

Increased sialylation, especially involving the Sialyl-Lewisa and Sialyl-Lewisx determinants, has been reported in breast cancer. A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method was used here to determine the expression of five sialyltransferases (ST3Gal III, ST6Gal I, ST3Gal IV, ST3Gal I, and ST3Gal II) in 49 patients surgically treated for locoregional breast cancer. We assessed the relationship...

Plant shoots elaborate their adult form by selective control over the growth of both their primary shoot apical meristem and their axillary shoot meristems. We describe recessive mutations at two loci in Arabidopsis, MAX1 and MAX2, that affect the selective repression of axillary shoots. All the first order (but not higher order) axillary shoots initiated by mutant plants remain active, resulti...

BACKGROUND Precise knowledge of axillary lymph node status is essential in the treatment of operable carcinoma of the breast. For many years, axillary nodal clearance (ANC) has been an integral part of the conventional management of early-stage breast cancer. During the last few decades the trend of these surgical procedures has been one of decreasing invasiveness in order to try and achieve a ...

BACKGROUND: The axillary lymph node status is one of the most relevant prognostic factors in breast cancer. The noninvasive investigation of axillary lymph node involvement in the preoperative diagnosis is one of the greatest challenges in the treatment of breast cancer. The aim of our study is to assess the significance of preoperative axillary diagnostics. It will be verified whether the axil...

Axillary clearance provides important prognostic information but is associated with significant morbidity. Sentinel node biopsy can provide staging .141 patients with node negative early breast cancers-tumour size less than 1.5 cm measured clinically or by imaging had guided axillary sampling (sentinel lymph node biopsy in combination with axillary sampling). Four node axillary sampling improve...

Optimal management for axillary recurrence is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for overall survival in the patients with axillary recurrence. Data of 1098 patients were collected from breast cancer registers from Clinic for Oncology Nis between 1990-1995. All patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. Axillary recurence was diganosed in 43 (3.92%) p...