Despite continuing debate about the amyloid β-protein (or Aβ hypothesis, new lines of evidence from laboratories and clinics worldwide support the concept that an imbalance between production and clearance of Aβ42 and related Aβ peptides is a very early, often initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Confirmation that presenilin is the catalytic site of γ-secretase has provided a linchpin...

Audience effects are increasingly recognized as an important aspect of intraspecific communication. Yet despite the common occurrence of interspecific interactions and considerable evidence that individuals respond to the calls of heterospecifics, empirical evidence for interspecific audience effects on signalling behaviour is lacking. Here we present evidence of an interspecific audience effec...

n engl j med 354;23 www.nejm.org june 8, 2006 2414 On June 5, 1981, when the Centers for Disease Control reported five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in young homosexual men in Los Angeles,1 few suspected it heralded a pandemic of AIDS. In 1983, a retrovirus (later named the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV) was isolated from a patient with AIDS. In the 25 years since the first rep...

We investigate the broadband optical emission of diffuse intergalactic stars in galaxy clusters at z ∼ 0.25 by means of an image stacking technique. The images of 654 clusters, selected with the max-BCG algorithm from a subsample of the SDSS-Data Release 1 (DR1), have been stacked after masking all the sources detected down to very low S/N. The resulting images in the g, r and i bands provide r...

Finger clubbing, which involves distal phalanx thickening and nail convexity, has been known since antiquity. Observations made in modern times by Bamberger (1889), Pierre Marie (1890), and other investigators led to identification of various causes of this digital anomaly which can be the first manifestation of a severe organic disease. Undoubtedly, this somatic abnormality, often associated w...

This paper describes the development and evolution of re∗Address all correspondence to this author. search themes in the Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) conference. Essays containing reflections on the history of DTM, 1 Copyright c © 2013 by ASME supported by an analysis of session titles and papers winning the “best paper award”, describe the development of the research themes. A second se...

LMO2 was first discovered through proximity to frequently occurring chromosomal translocations in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Subsequent studies on its role in tumours and in normal settings have highlighted LMO2 as an archetypical chromosomal translocation oncogene, activated by association with antigen receptor gene loci and a paradigm for translocation gene activation in T-...