The most general model-independent analysis of the rare B decay, B → X s l + l − , is presented. There are ten independent local four-Fermi interactions which may contribute to this process. The branching ratio, the forward-backward asymmetry, and the double differential rate are written as functions of the Wilson coefficients of the ten operators. We also study the correlation between the bran...

Reverse logistics, as defined by the European Working Group on Reverse Logistics, is the process of planning, implementing and controlling backward flows of raw materials, in process inventory, packaging and finished goods, from a manufacturing, distribution or use point, to a point of recovery or point of proper disposal. In the broadest sense, this process involves collection, inspection, rec...

We consider a mathematical framework of finite state Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) in which a weighted sum of the classical state-dependent cost and the transfer entropy from the state random process to the control random process is minimized. Physical interpretations of the considered MDPs are provided in the context of networked control systems theory and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Ba...