A linear neural network is proposed for mamalian vision system in which backward connections from the primary visual cortex (V1) to the lateral geniculate nucleus play a key role. The backward connections control the flow of information from the LGN to V1 in such a way as to maximize the rate of transfer of information from the LGN to V1. The application of hebbian learning to the forward and b...

The present study investigates the effect of outer diameter (10 mm and 15 mm) 5 positions cylindrical vortex generators (CVGs) installed to wavy channel in order improve heat transfer parameters conjunction with low-pressure drops. channels without CVGs are compared terms local coefficient, mean Nusselt number, Colburn factor, friction, thermal performance for Re range 857 8001. Furthermore, co...

For discrete-time systems, flatness is usually defined by replacing the time-derivatives of well-known continuous-time definition forward-shifts. With this definition, class flat systems corresponds exactly to which can be linearized a endogenous dynamic feedback as it proposed in literature. Recently, verifiable necessary and sufficient differential-geometric conditions for property have been ...

As global warming accelerates extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms are likely to increase in intensity and frequency. With regard to a highly globalized world economy built on complex supply and value-added chains, this trend will challenge societies locally and globally. Regional production disruptions might induce shock waves that propagate through the global supply netw...

Learning is critical for fast and efficient object recognition in primates. To understand the neuronal correlates of behavioral improvements due to training, we recorded the responses of single neurons in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of monkeys that were trained to recognize briefly presented, backward-masked objects. First we investigated training effects that are specific to the objects ...

In this contribution, the author examines the feasibility of on-body backscatter radio frequency identification (RFID) systems in the ultra high frequency range. Four different on-body RFID systems are investigated operating monopoles or patch antennas at 900MHz or 2.45 GHz. The systems’ feasibility is analyzed by means of on-body channel measurements in a realistic test environment. The measur...

Results are presented for physical experiments that illustrate the possibilities and efficiency of visualization for studying the effect of operating conditions (backward-facing stepped forming nozzle, exit diameter of anode, mass flow, and composition of working gas) on plasma flows at low Reynolds numbers for advanced coating and powder processing. In particular, the shadow method, based on a...

We consider the framework of transfer-entropy-regularized Markov decision process (TERMDP) in which weighted sum classical state-dependent cost and transfer entropy from state random to control input is minimized. Although TERMDPs are generally formulated as nonconvex optimization problems, an analytical necessary optimality condition can be expressed a finite set nonlinear equations, based on ...

Productivity differences can explain differences in economic growth across countries. It has been demonstrated that the presence of a foreign-owned multinational enterprise (MNE) in a developing country is one of the most important methods through which technology transfer occurs. This presence could be in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI), licensing, or imports from the developing co...