The results of the characterisation anaerobic sludge-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under different extraction conditions and their effects on fouling in submerged hollow fibre membranes are presented. A wide range EPS was obtained depending conditions. Proteins, polysaccharides, humic represented 80–99% total organic matter extracted, with 54–60% identified as substances. Ult...

This study primarily focused the EFL undergraduate students at a public university in Pakistan. In this study, task-based language assessment (TBLA) was used to assess reading skills because it is one of most assessed Reading an academic skill. Supposedly, should have good higher education. Thus, there are three courses taught specifically focusing on English education and prime focus all them....

We discuss the use of fixed and random effects models in the context of educational research and set out the assumptions behind the two modelling approaches. To illustrate the issues that should be considered when choosing between these approaches, we analyse the determinants of pupil achievement in primary school, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We conclude...

An alternative to the classical mixedmodel with normal random effects is to use a Dirichlet process to model the random effects. Such models have proven useful in practice, and we have observed a noticeable variance reduction, in the estimation of the fixed effects, when the Dirichlet process is used instead of the normal. In this paper we formalize this notion, and give a theoretical justifica...

In this paper I discuss economic processes that may give rise to spatial patterns in data, and explore the relative merits of alternative modeling approaches when data are spatially correlated. Specifically, I present an estimation scheme that allows for spatial random effects, and focus attention on cases in which such a framework may be preferred to the more general fixed effects framework th...

Researchers and industrials need decision-making tools to make informed decisions on environmental mitigation strategies proceed with the overall ecodesign of processes. In this study, a tool that couples membrane filtration process modelling life cycle analysis has been developed, for which material energy flows are calculated variable operating conditions basis impact assessment. The resultin...

Gravel beaches are prevalent natural features on many coastlines and play a vital role in shore protection, often inspiring protection structures (Bayle et al., 2020) nature-based solutions. Dynamic revetments constructed features, designed to mimic gravel beaches, dissipating wave energy preventing or limiting erosion. Compared sand dissipate incident dampen backwash intensity by percolating t...