Protons and sodium ions are the only used coupling ions in energy transduction in Bacteria and Archaea. At their growth temperature, the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of thermophilic bacteria to protons is high as compared to sodium ions. In some thermophiles, therefore, sodium is the sole energy coupling ion. Comparison of the protonand sodium permeability of the membranes of variet...

In the present study, we investigated lipid membrane interactions of silica nanoparticles as carriers for antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES). doing so, smooth mesoporous were compared to virus-like nanoparticles, characterized by a “spiky” external surface, well nonporous nanoparticles. For this, employed combination neutron reflectometry, ellipsometry, dynamic ...

Directed mutagenesis of a gene coding for a membrane protein of the periodontopathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was achieved by conjugation. The gene was disrupted by insertion of an antibiotic cassette into a unique endonuclease restriction sequence engineered by inverse PCR. The disrupted gene was cloned into a conjugative plasmid and transferred from Escherichia coli to A. actino...

Peptidoglycan is a cell-wall glycopeptide polymer that protects bacteria from osmotic lysis. Whereas in gram-positive bacteria it also serves as scaffold for many virulence factors, in gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan is an anchor for the outer membrane. For years, we have known the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan; what was missing was the flippase that translocates ...

Polyphor's macrocycle platform led to the discovery of novel antibiotics addressing specifically Gramnegative bacteria by targeting outer membrane proteins. Furthermore, POL6014, an inhibitor neutrophile elastase and balixafortide, a CXCR4 have been discovered developed from platform. Currently combination balixafortide eribulin is in Phase III clinical trial for treatment patients with advance...

During division it is of primary importance for a cell to correctly determine the site of cleavage. The bacterium Escherichia coli divides in the center, producing two daughter cells of equal size. Selection of the center as the correct division site is in part achieved by the Min-proteins. They oscillate between the two cell poles and thereby prevent division at these locations. Here, a phenom...

Membrane hydrophilic modification has been applied as an effective antifouling strategy for aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic membrane bioreactors (MBRs), while its performance remains unclear ammonium oxidation (anammox) MBR. Herein, membranes (Mh) modified from pristine nylon fabric meshes (Mp, pore size of 20 μm), were in long-term operation anammox Although the average flux Mh was 90.7% h...

There are many approaches available to produce inactive bacteria by termination of growth, each with a different efficacy, impact on cell integrity, and potential for application in standardized inactivation protocols. The aim this study was compare these develop protocol generation inactivated Gram-positive Gram-negative bacteria, yielding cells that metabolically dead retained cellular integr...