Bacterial ghosts are intact walls of bacterial cells that relieved their contents through pores formed by mild biological or chemical methods. Methodology for generating increases the safety killed vaccines while maintaining antigenicity milder preparation procedures. Moreover, can simultaneously carry several antigens plasmid DNAs encoding protein epitopes. In recent years, there has been a gr...

This paper briefly reviews the use of chemicals to prevent and treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture, and provides a detailed summary of the current state of knowledge on the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in fish and shellfish. The topics covered include mechanisms of resistance, resistance of bacterial fish pathogens, resistance to antibacterial agents associate...

The sensitivity of growing bacterial cells to destructive agents or influences is many times that of bacterial spores (Curran, 1952). Some of these agents act on sulfhydryl groups of proteins; on the other hand, sulfhydryl groups belong to the most sensitive groups in proteins and are vital for the function of many enzymes (Barron, 1951). The question may be raised whether the degree of resista...

from august to october 1996, three different statistical communities of spices, including 37, 41, 26 samples for each one of black pepper, turmeric and sumac, respectively, were taken randomly from 35 various packaged labels and 2 production centres, in the west of tehran, and examine for assessing fungi and bacterial contamination by using ec, vrbl agar lst, brilliant green media, and compare ...

to determine the prevalence of bacterial mastitis in cattle, milk samples positive for california mastitistest (cmt) were cultured during a period of almost 4 years. the bacterial species isolated from 2904 milksamples studied were coagulase negative staphylococcus sp. in 879 (30.27%) samples, streptococcusagalactiae in 642 (22.11%), s. dysgalactiae in 332 (11.43%), e. coli in 295 (10.16%), sta...

Background: Infective endocarditis occurs due to the presence of microorganisms in the endocardium or the heart valves. Nowadays, infective endocarditis is still a major cause of death with an incidence rate of 5 to 7.9 per 100,000 populations. The aim of the study was to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from blood culture of patients with infective endocardi...

Background: Treatment of chronic sinusitis is complicated due to increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern of the bacteria causing chronic sinusitis in north of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with chronic sinusitis. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determi...