Active magnetic bearings, which are open-loop and unstable, require a feedback control system to ensure stable operation of the rotating machines that they support. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers widely used in field applications these bearings for this purpose. PID designed work effectively within linear region machines. Due inherent nonlinearity active large unbalance forc...

Most action potentials in the nervous system take on the form of strong, rapid, and brief voltage deflections known as spikes, in stark contrast to other action potentials, such as in the heart, that are characterized by broad voltage plateaus. We derive the shape of the neuronal action potential from first principles, by postulating that action potential generation is strongly constrained by t...

Changes in nursing concepts and health requirements, increased roles of nurses, increases in number of nursing clients, and changes in values of nurses themselves give rise to a variety of ethical conflicts that nurses must personally face in certain ethical situations, and these conflicts require high standard of ethics to resolve (Lee & Bang, 1984). Therefore, nurses must be able to justify t...

A method is developed for solving bang-bang and singular optimal control problems using adaptive Legendre–Gauss–Radau collocation. The divided into several parts. First, a structure detection that identifies switch times in the analyzes corresponding switching function segments where solution either or singular. Second, after has been detected, domain decomposed multiple domains such multiple-d...

The Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB–BC) method is a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm which inspired by one of the theories of the evolution of universe. In the BB–BC optimization algorithm, firstly random points are produced in the Big Bang phase then these points are shrunk to a single representative point via a center of mass or minimal cost approach in the Big Crunch phase. In this paper, the...

In this work, we proposed fuzzy logic control of the manipulator robot actuated by the pneumatics artificial muscles. By using bang-bang motion generation, the control objective is the position and velocity tracking the robot. Simulations results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of our proposed approach.