AIM To evaluate the characteristics of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and summarize the treatment modalities. METHODS By September 30, 2011 the data of 7871 HBsAg (+) patients were complied and analysed according to demographic and medical records (age, sex, laboratory tests, treatment with antiviral agents) in thirty centres of Turkey. RESULTS Of the 7871 patients 3078 (39...

In the history of social policy in Britain, state medicine is not seen as the natural state of affairs. Rather, it seems that medical services have been provided by the state in the twentieth century only after a process of painful evolution in the nineteenth, which even now is not complete. Only the inexorable effects of industrialization were able to force upon policy-makers an awareness of t...

BACKGROUND Many epidemiological studies and reviews have been performed to identify the causes of bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to investigate the links between various environmental risk factors and cancer of the bladder. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Scholar Google and Russian Google databases to identify reviews and e...

many that the same type of pot was, and is still, in use in the paint and colour industry. A final miscellaneous group embraces bleeding bowls. Not all those objects sold as bleeding bowls by antique dealers have held blood though coming within the author's description as 'single-handed'. Those graduated in fluid ounces are without doubt the real thing: it might be prudent to consider all other...

I have picked a topic quite different from those selected by previous presidents of our Society. In the past, my predecessors have chosen training, socioeconomic, political, developmental, and research aspects of our profession. It seems appropriate on this international occasion to pause to review our accomplishments in the struggle against head and neck cancer and to search for those pioneers...

In spite of the numerous prostate cancer (CaP) intervention programmes that have been implemented to address the disparities experienced by black men, CaP prevention, risk reduction, and early detection behaviours remain low among black men. The lack of formal theoretical frameworks to guide the development and implementation of interventions has been recognised as one of the primary reasons fo...

Scarcely a week passes in Western countries without the media regaling their citizens with accounts of yet another lawsuit (whether compensational or penal) against a physician whose professional incompetence, ignorance, or negligence has seriously impaired a patient's health or has even cost a life. The substantial increase in the frequency of such court cases since the 1950s may appear to be ...

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a rural village in the Nile Delta with a high prevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). One half of the village households were systematically selected, tested for anti-HCV, and interviewed: 973 of 3,999 (24.3%) subjects were anti-HCV-positive (reflecting prior HCV infection but not necessarily cur...

BACKGROUND Viral Hepatitis (HBV and HCV) is a major health problem affecting approximately two billion population worldwide. It is one of the single most important cause of chronic liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma in Pakistan and worldwide and is now spreading beyond endemic dimensions. This study was carried out to assess the frequency of Hepatitis B and C infection in patients unde...

Barbering, where a "barber" mouse plucks hair from its cagemates or itself, is both a spontaneously occurring abnormal behavior in mice and a well validated model of Trichotillomania (TTM). N-Acetylcysteine, (NAC) a cysteine derived food additive, is remarkably effective in treating TTM patients, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), also known as free radicals,...