Using data on MZ (monozygotic, identical) female twins from the Minnesota Twin Registry, we estimate the causal effect of schooling on completed fertility, probability of being childless and age at first birth, using the within-MZ twins methodology. We find strong cross-sectional associations between schooling and the fertility outcomes and some evidence that more schooling causes women to have...

abstract background: various types of foot orthoses are prescribed for people with flatfoot. it has been reported that orthoses not only improve the biomechanics of the lower limb, but also have good effects on some balance parameters in these subjects. it is hypothesized that the latter effect is dependent on the rigidity of the orthoses. the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the e...

The focus of this paper is the efficient implementation of our compact operating system kernel as a bare-metal hypervisor for the SCC. We describe source, functionality, and the operation of our kernel, as well as the interaction with the already published communication layer. Furthermore we give a detailed insight into the boot procedure of the SCC from reset to the starting point of our light...

methodsusing time series data of national level (1967 to 2012 years), we explored the association between total fertility rate, gdp per capita, number of physician per 1000 populations, female labor force participation rate, percentage of people living in rural regions and mean years schooling for each people with infant mortality rate of iran. these data were obtained from central bank of isla...

diabetic foot ulcer (dfu) is considered as one of the main causes of hospitalization in diabetic patients, which can lead to infection, gangrene, amputation, and even death if the necessary care is not provided. based on the recent investigations, one of the most effective tactics to manage diabetic foot ulcer is to form a multidisciplinary team including a general practitioner, a nurse, an edu...

Safety Valve or Sinkhole? Vocational Schooling in South Africa As an alternative to traditional academic schooling, vocational schooling in South Africa may serve as a safety valve for students encountering difficulty in the transition from school to work. Yet if ineffective, vocational schooling could also be a sinkhole, offering little chance for success on the labor market. After defining th...

Everyday parent-child conversations may support children’s scientific understanding. The types and frequency of parent-child science talk may vary with the cultural and schooling background of the participants, and yet most research in the United States focuses on highly schooled EuroAmerican families. This study investigated 40 Mexican-descent parents’ science talk with their children (mean ag...