introduction: systemic application of capsaicin to neonatel rodents depletes their primary afferent c-fibers and also results in a wide variety of changes observable in adulthood. the manual methods used for stimulation of vibrissa provide limited information on response properties of barrel cortical neurons. in this study the effect of c-fiber depletion induced by neonatal capsaicin (cap) trea...

In the rodent vibrissal system, active sensation and sensorimotor integration are mediated in part by connections between barrel cortex and vibrissal motor cortex. Little is known about how these structures interact at the level of neurons. We used Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expression, combined with anterograde and retrograde labeling, to map connections between barrel cortex and pyramidal neur...

The dipeptidyl aminopeptidase BII (DAP BII) belongs to a serine peptidase family, S46. The amino acid sequence of the catalytic unit of DAP BII exhibits significant similarity to those of clan PA endopeptidases, such as chymotrypsin. However, the molecular mechanism of the exopeptidase activity of family S46 peptidase is unknown. Here, we report crystal structures of DAP BII. DAP BII contains a...

Abstract For the wear problem of artillery barrel bore during launching, this work uses particle erosion and deposition modules in Fluent Software to simulate process gunpowder gas particles on barrel, analyses steady transient states simulation results, compares effects different influencing factors wear. The results showed that a certain range, rate wall was positively correlated with velocit...

Iterative database searches starting from a domain insert sequence in bacterial b-glucosidases reveals the presence of a conserved domain shared by a wide variety of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins. These include other glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, proteases, amidases, adhesins, and bacterial toxins such as anthrax protective antigen (PA). The domain also occurs in the mammalian protein...

Lipoprotein RcsF is the OM component of the Rcs envelope stress response. RcsF exists in complexes with β-barrel proteins (OMPs) allowing it to adopt a transmembrane orientation with a lipidated N-terminal domain on the cell surface and a periplasmic C-terminal domain. Here we report that mutations that remove BamE or alter a residue in the RcsF trans-lumen domain specifically prevent assembly ...

The first crystal structures of a two-domain, prokaryotic glucoamylase were determined to high resolution from the clostridial species Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum with and without acarbose. The N-terminal domain has 18 antiparallel strands arranged in beta-sheets of a super-beta-sandwich. The C-terminal domain is an (alpha/alpha)(6) barrel, lacking the peripheral subdomain of eu...

Secretion of the Haemophilus influenzae HMW1 adhesin occurs via the two-partner secretion pathway and requires the HMW1B outer membrane translocator. HMW1B has been subjected to extensive biochemical studies to date. However, direct examination of the structure of HMW1B has been lacking, leaving fundamental questions about the oligomeric state, the membrane-embedded beta-barrel domain, the appr...

Background Deficiencies in β-D-galactosidase cause lysosomal storage diseases. Results This is the first to describe the crystal structure of human β-GAL. Human β-GAL is comprised of a TIM barrel domain and two -domains. Conclusion The mutations were classified as mutations directly affecting the ligand recognition, mutations inside the protein core, or mutations located in the protein surface...

Finite difference method is used to calculate the via-plate capacitances for vias with pad. Due to the symmetric structure, the solving domain is reduced to a rectangular ρ − z region. Boundary conditions along the region are discussed. Both barrel-plate and pad-plate capacitances are studied with various geometric parameters. The results could be used as validations for possible analytical exp...