The well-known distinction between field-based and object-based approaches to spatial information is generalised to arbitrary locational frameworks, including in particular space, time and space-time. We systematically explore the different ways in which these approaches can be combined, and address the relative merits of a fully four-dimensional approach as against a more conventional ‘three-p...

land use planning is a science that determines the type of land use through studying the ecological character of the land as well as its socio-economic structure. it is possible to plan for the appropriate use of the land and to enhance the present management of the land use by utilizing geographical information system (gis). to this end, our investigators identified and took steps toward devel...

background in many industries, noise is attributed as the most prevalent harmful agent threatening workers' health. geographic information system (gis) is an applicable surveying tool in civil engineering. but, the use of gis for noise and hearing loss screening seems to be partly a new approach. objectives this study aimed to apply gis in noise and hearing loss screening in the production hall...

A conceptual model for structuring features in a geographic information system (GIS) is presented. The model includes spatial, thematic, and temporal dimensions and structures attributes and relationships for each dimension to build a feature-based GIs. The model is grounded in an entity-based view of geographic phenomena and requires representation of geographic entities as feature objects in ...

The combined powers of Web-based geographic information systems (GIS) and on-line remote sensing tools can significantly reduce the high cost and labor associated with environmental monitoring and natural resource management. This paper introduces an integrated Web-based GIS architecture by combining three levels of geographic information services (GIServices): data archive, information display...

A geographic information system (GIS) based manure application plan has been developed for the site-specific application of animal waste to agricultural fields in the Westbrook sub-catchment of the Murray-Darling Basin, south-east Queensland, Australia. Sites suitable for animal waste application were identified using a GIS based weighted linear combination (WLC) model. The degree of land suita...