Neck lumps are a common yet challenging clinical presentation that can occur in all age groups and have wide variety of aetiologies include both benign malignant conditions. Appropriate workup timely referral critical, particularly when investigating for malignancy. Our case demonstrates rare cause neck lump presented clinically radiologically as primary malignancy, however, was found at histop...

Abstract Metallurgical grade alumina is produced worldwide through the well-known Bayer process, which unavoidably generates bauxite residue (BR, also known as red mud) in almost equal amounts to alumina. This study aims valorization of BR a smelting-reduction process obtain calcium aluminate slags that can be proper feed for recovery via Pedersen process. It investigates thermodynamics and cha...

Bauxite Metallurgical Residue (BR) is a highly alkaline and very fine-grained by-product of the Bayer process for alumina production. Its huge global annual production has resulted in increasing accumulation BR, causing deposition problems serious environmental issues. RM contains oxides salts main elements Fe, Al, Ca, Na, Si, Ti, rare earths—REEs (Sc, Nd, Y, La, Ce, Ds)—many which have been ca...

Bauxite residue, known as red mud, is a by-product of alumina production using the Bayer process. Currently, its total global storage amounts to over 4.6 billion tons, including about 600 million tons in Russia. The mud occupies large areas, leading environmental damage and increasing risks. Moreover, it contains significant amount sodium, which easily soluble subsoil water; therefore, sustaina...