The present case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a patient with agenesis of maxillary left lateral incisor and Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. The patient also presented with maxillary midline deviation and inclination of the occlusal plane in the anterior region. Treatment objectives were: correction of sagittal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible; correcti...

Multi-objectives and multi-constraints problems are a big challenge in the industry, and they are also difficult to be conquered by traditional methods. In this situation, heuristic algorithms become an executable choice when facing this kind of problems. In this paper, we introduce the complex system which is more complicated than normal multi-objectives and multi-constraints problems. For eac...

Orthodontic planning for patients with agenesis of lateral incisors should include extremely relevant esthetic and functional considerations so that a satisfactory clinical result is achieved. Both space closure and space opening or maintenance have advantages and disadvantages that should be evaluated according to the patient’s individual characteristics. Some of the important factors that aff...

Biogeography based optimization (BBO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to develop global optimization path. In natural scenario, there are no prior paths and we don't have any prior information about any geographical area. The key factor to achieve a task in such area is Path planning; therefore this research direction is very useful in recent years. This hybrid approach describes autonomous n...

Remote sensing is defined as a technique for acquiring the information about an object without making physical contact with that image via remote sensors. But the major problem of remotely sensed images is mixed pixel which always degrades the image quality. In this paper we attempted to present an approach for resolving the mixed pixels by using optimization/ Evolutionary algorithm i.e. Biogeo...

Real World is filled with various hard and complex problems. One such complex problem is an optimization problem. Optimization has been an active area of research for several decades. . Optimized solutions are hard to find so there are no deterministic algorithms that can find exact solution in polynomial time. In large domain of applications of intelligence techniques we are interested in expl...

This manuscript describes the treatment of a 27-year-old patient who was previously treated with two maxillary first premolar extractions. The patient had skeletal Class III malocclusion, Class III canine relationship, anterior crossbite, and a concave profile. As the patient refused orthognathic surgery, a miniplate was used on the right side of the lower arch as an anchorage unit after the ex...

This article reports on the orthodontic treatment performed on a 36-year-old female patient with skeletal and dental Class III pattern, presenting with a left unilateral posterior crossbite and mandibular asymmetry, and a relatively significant difference between maximum intercuspation (MIC) and centric relation (CR). The treatment was performed with maxillary dental expansion, mandibular denta...

The impact of human activities on the environment as a consequence of the industrialization process, the rising trend of the price of fossil fuels, and the incentives offered by governments in many countries have driven the development and evolution of renewable energy sources such as wind energy. The optimal selection of on-line units and optimal output levels of committed units for convention...

In Evolutionary Algorithms (EA), elites are crucial to maintain good features in solutions. However, too many elites could make the evolutionary process stagnate and cannot enhance the performance. In this paper, we employ Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) to propose a hybrid algorithm termed Biogeography-Based Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) which c...