After intracerebral inoculation of Borna disease virus (BDV). Lewis rats develop a persistent infection of the central nervous system which is pathohistologically represented by perivascular encephalitic lesions predominantly in the grey matter. In previous studies it has been shown that a cell-mediated immune response causes Borna disease (BD). In order to define further the immune cell respon...

An unusually long noncoding sequence is located between the N gene of Borna disease virus (BDV) and the genes for regulatory factor X and polymerase cofactor P. Most of these nucleotides are transcribed and seem to control translation of the bicistronic X/P mRNA. We report here that Vero cells persistently infected with mutant viruses containing minor alterations in this control region showed a...

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic virus that causes a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of many vertebrate species. Although a severe reactive gliosis is observed in experimentally BDV-infected rat brains, little is known about the glial reactions contributing to the viral persistence and immune modulation in the CNS. In this regard, we examined the expression of...

Objective: Schizophrenia is a complex widespread neuropsychiatric disorder. This illness encompasses a complex debilitating mental disorder causing illusion, delusion, disturbed relationship, low motivation and decline of emotion. Viral infection of the brain including Borna Disease Virus (BDV) may play a role in transient or permanent neurological and behavioral abnormalities. This role of Bor...

De novo generation of negative-strand RNA viruses depends on the efficient expression of antigenomic RNA (cRNA) from cDNA. To improve the rescue system of Borna disease virus (BDV), a member of the Mononegavirales with a nuclear replication phase, we evaluated different RNA polymerase (Pol) promoters for viral cRNA expression. Human and mouse Pol I promoters did not increase the recovery rate o...

The Borna disease virus (BDV) antigenome is comprised of five major open reading frames (ORFs). Products have been reported only for ORFs I, II, and III, encoding N (p40), P (p24/p23), and M (gp18), respectively. ORF IV predicts a 57-kDa protein with several potential glycosylation sites. Analysis of radiolabeled extracts from BDV-infected C6 cells and BHK-21 cells transfected with a Semliki Fo...

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented negative-stranded (NNS) RNA virus, prototype of a new taxon in the Mononegavirales order. BDV causes neurologic disease manifested by behavioral abnormalities in several animal species, and evidence suggests that it may be a human pathogen. To improve our knowledge about the biology of this novel virus, we have identified and characterized the product...

The terminal structures of the Borna disease virus (BDV) genome (vRNA) and antigenome (cRNA) differ from those of other negative strand RNA viruses, as both molecules possess four nucleotides at the 3' terminus without an apparent template at the 5' end of the opposite strand. Consequently, the v- and cRNA molecules are not perfect mirror images, a situation that is not compatible with conventi...

Nanofluids have recently emerged as an important new technology for heat transfer in various engineering applications. In this work, zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanoparticles were synthesized using a microwave-assisted sol-gel method the preparation of nanofluids through two-step synthesis process. The el...