Many RC frames built without seismic provisions between the ’50’s and ’70’s need structural upgrade in order to match the minimum requirements of new building codes. Generally, the critical region of the strengthening design is represented by the beam-column connection. The strength hierarchy governs the upgrade requiring to protect the column and the panel so that the formation of a plastic hi...

Currently, the seismic collapse risk of modern code-conforming reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures is often evaluated without considering behavior beam-column (BC) joints since designed to meet design codes are assumed be sufficiently rigid. BC in RC ductile moment frames may undergo a significant amount inclined cracking during strong earthquakes. Consequently, stiffness, strength, and d...

The most critical failure regions are the joints between beams and columns. Under dynamic loads, bonding of rebars in concrete will be severely stressed fail. In addition to damaging column loading paths, collapse joint point may also affect structure's overall ductility capacity dissipate energy. This study examined relationship natural fiber beam-column by adding 0.5% 1.5% with an increment 0...

Modular structural systems are constructed using a method that they are assembled with prefabricated unit modular frames on-site. This provides a benefit that can significantly reduce building construction time. The structural design is usually carried out under the assumption that their load-carrying mechanism is similar to that of traditional steel moment-resisting systems. However, both syst...