We conducted an exploratory investigation in an area where nut-cracking by wild capuchin monkeys is common knowledge among local residents. In addition to observing male and female capuchin monkeys using stones to pound open nuts on stone "anvils," we surveyed the surrounding area and found physical evidence that monkeys cracked nuts on rock outcrops, boulders, and logs (collectively termed anv...

The existing theoretical literature provides little justi…cation for a corporate debt subsidy. We illustrate the welfare bene…t of this subsidy and study how the social costs and bene…ts change with the duration of industry distress. In our model, two …rms engage in socially wasteful competition for survival in a declining industry. Firms di¤er on two dimensions: exogenous productivity and endo...

This paper explores the optimal interaction between the tax system and unemployment compensation in insuring people against the risks of involuntary unemployment and low ability. To that end, we introduce search unemployment in a model of optimal non-linear income taxation. We ...nd that the optimal search subsidy (i.e. the di¤erence between the in-work bene...t and the unemployment bene...t) i...

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most frequent, morbid complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Its clinical toxicity, requirement for intensive immunosup-pressive management, and associated infections lead to the greatest risks of nonrelapse mortality in HSCT recipients. In acute GVHD, donor-derived T lymphocyte-mediated alloreactivity is c...

introduction:pistachio (pistaciavera l.) is a tasty nuts and a good source of nutrients. during the last decade, the worldwide trades of pistachio have increasing trend, likely reflecting on the increase in consumers demand for this nuts. the high oil and essential fatty acid contents of the pistachio kernel is important from a nutritional point of view. however, high unsaturated fatty acids co...