This article examines the riveli di beni e anime of small town Gallodoro, located in northeastern Sicily about halfway between cities Messina and Catania, to examine history town’s families during seventeenth eighteenth centuries by tracing prevalence surnames recorded these documents. The growing proliferation certain suggests a longer presence while increasing diversification as whole dynamic...

To organize the wide variety of data sets automatically and acquire accurate classification, this paper presents a modified fuzzy c-means algorithm (SP-FCM) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and shadowed sets to perform feature clustering. SP-FCM introduces the global search property of PSO to deal with the problem of premature convergence of conventional fuzzy clustering, utilizes vag...