INTRODUCTION Man’s exposure to natural radiation accounts for around 70% of the total dose received by the population. Most of this exposure is due to Rn, a member of the U decay series, which is produced by the direct decay of Rn. Being a noble gas, radon produced in the rock or soil matrix can easily diffuse to the water trapped in the pore spaces and migrate to ground water, where it may be ...

Bremsstrahlung spectral photon distributions produced by continuous beta particles of beta emitter 147Pm and 45Ca in thick targets studied in a photon energy region 10-30 keV. The bremsstrahlung spectral photon distribution measured with X-PIPS Si (Li) detector. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical bremsstrahlung distribution obtained from ordinary bremsstrahlung (OB) the...

Self-aligned selective-emitter cells have been fabricated using a self-doping paste by co-firing the front and back contacts. Good ohmic contacts with ~0.774 fill factor were obtained on 100 Ω/sq. emitters after alloying the self-doping Ag grid by a 900°C spike firing in a belt furnace. Screen-printed selective emitter Fz Si cells gave an efficiency of 16.4%. Selective-emitter cells with effect...

Numerous sites worldwide have been identified as having significant radioactive contamination, either as a result of routine or accidental releases. The radiological impact of this contamination depends on the extent to which the radionuclides are taken up by organisms, including humans. The mobility, and thus availability, of the radionuclides is greatly determined by the physico-chemical form...

Introduction: Although there are several ways to relief pain in metastatic patients, the use of radionuclides is one of the known and effective ways to relieve the pain caused by bone metastases. The purpose of this study was to assessment of radiation dose distribution of different radioisotopes used to treatment and pain relief patients in a bone-based model based on Monte C...

The use of positron emitters in medical imaging was first suggested by Wrenn and coworkersl, and Sweet’, and the first prototype Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner WM built by Brownell and Sweets as shown in Fig. 22.1. A radiopharmaceutical labeled with a positron emitter is distributed within a biological target. The emitted /3+ annihilates with an electron of the surrounding tissue to...

Targeted α therapy holds tremendous potential as a cancer treatment: it offers the possibility of delivering a highly cytotoxic dose to targeted cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The metallic α-generating radioisotopes 225Ac and 227Th are promising radionuclides for therapeutic use, provided adequate chelation and targeting. Here we demonstrate a new chelating platfor...

Blood samples were acquired from 60 women aged 20 to 44 years having decreased fertility, infertile or with uterine tumors in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. A pilot experiment was performed to determine alpha radionuclides in powder blood. The concentrations of alpha emitters in powdered blood ranged from 0.0036ppm in Eiskan to 0.0096 ppm in Halabjay–Kon in Sulaymania Governorate, with average (0....

For the assessment of external doses due to contaminated environment, the dose-rate conversion factors (DCFs) prescribed in Federal Guidance Report 12 (FGR 12) and FGR 13 have been widely used. Recently, there were significant changes in dosimetric models and parameters, which include the use of the Reference Male and Female Phantoms and the revised tissue weighting factors, as well as the upda...