Event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in both healthy and neuropsychiatric conditions as physiological indices of cognitive functions. Contrary to the common belief that cognitive ERPs are generated by local activity within the cerebral cortex, here we show that an attention-related ERP in the frontal cortex is correlated with, and likely generated by, subcortical inputs from the basa...

Nano-cellulose with high amount of free OH groups could be used as supporting agents for boron trifluoride (BF3). Nano-BF3/cellulose is a solid acid and a biodegradable catalyst which was prepared via reaction of nano-cellulose and BF3. The structure of this catalyst was studied by FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, TGA, XRF and BET. In this research, the synthesis of...

We discuss the relations between (topological) quantum field theories in 4 dimensions and the theory of 2-knots (embedded 2-spheres in a 4-manifold). The so-called BF theories allow the construction of quantum operators whose trace can be considered as the higher-dimensional generalization of Wilson lines for knots in 3-dimensions. First-order perturbative calculations lead to higher dimensiona...

The reaction of Pb[BF(4)](2) in H(2)O/MeCN solution with the macrocycle 18-crown-6 gave the dinuclear complex [{Pb(18-crown-6)(H(2)O)(μ(2)-BF(4))}(2)][BF(4)](2), containing two nine-coordinate lead centres, each bound to all six oxygens of a crown ligand, one water molecule and bridged by two μ(2)-BF(4) groups. In contrast, the oxa-thia crown [18]aneO(4)S(2) gave the mononuclear [Pb([18]aneO(4)...

Yang, H. T., and Y. Feng. bFGF increases collateral blood flow in aged rats with femoral artery ligation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278: H85–H93, 2000.—We tested the hypothesis that aged animals are as responsive as the young adult animals in expanding collateral vasculature under a similar treatment of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Two age groups of male Fischer 344 rats (1...

The hand-tool coupling force in the operation of a vibrating tool is generally composed of applied force (AF) and biodynamic force (BF). There is wide interest in quantifying the coupling force. The objectives of this study are to develop an effective method for estimating the BF and to investigate its fundamental characteristics. Using the biodynamic response of the hand-arm system, such as ap...

In the awake big brown bat, 30 min auditory fear conditioning elicits conditioned heart rate decrease and long-term best frequency (BF) shifts of cortical auditory neurons toward the frequency of the conditioned tone; 15 min conditioning elicits subthreshold cortical BF shifts that can be augmented by acetylcholine. The fear conditioning causes stress and an increase in the cortical serotonin (...

In recent years, motivated by computational purposes, the singular value and spectral features of symmetrization Toeplitz matrices generated a Lebesgue integrable function have been studied. Indeed, under assumptions that $f$ belongs to $L^1([-\pi,\pi])$ it has real Fourier coefficients, distribution matrix-sequence $\{Y_nT_n[f]\}_n$ identified, where $n$ is matrix size, $Y_n$ anti-identity mat...

Wakefulness, along with fast cortical rhythms and associated cognition, depend on the basal forebrain (BF). BF cholinergic cell loss in dementia and the sedative effect of anti-cholinergic drugs have long implicated these neurons as important for cognition and wakefulness. The BF also contains intermingled inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic cell groups whose exact neurobiological...

The “AVR Butterfly” (BF) is not just a microcontroller, but rather an autonomous embedded system kit including several sensors. Our main objective was first to provide Internet connectivity to the BF and then to evaluate its further capabilities as a sensor network node. To this end, we equipped the BF with a TCP/IP stack and a Zigbee transceiver. As a case study, we constructed a node and a ga...