In the present paper we intend to investigate to what extent use of parallel corpora can help to eliminate some of the difficulties noted with bilingual dictionaries. The particular issues addressed are the bidirectionality of translation equivalence, the coverage of multiword units, and the amount of implicit knowledge presupposed on the part of the user in interpreting the data. Three lexical...

This papers introduces several binary scalar multiplication algorithms with applications to cryptography. Remarkably, the proposed algorithms regularly repeat the same pattern when evaluating a scalar multiplication in an (additively written) abelian group. Furthermore, they are generic and feature the following properties: – no dummy operation is involved; – no precomputation nor prior recodin...

This paper describes the right-to-left decoding method, which translates an input string by generating in right-to-left direction. In addition, presented is the bidirectional decoding method, that can take both of the advantages of left-to-right and right-to-left decoding method by generating output in both ways and by merging hypothesized partial outputs of two directions. The experimental res...

[Foreign trade involves tasks that may be subject to language barriers, such as researching foreign markets, communicating with counterparties and marketing products to foreign consumers. Language skills have a wage premium that is determined by local and worldwide supply and demand for language services, and the premium is specific to each country and pair of languages. I construct a novel mea...

A generic bi-directional scheme is proposed that robustifies the estimation of the maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) sequence of states of a visual object. It enables creative, non-technical users to obtain the path of interesting objects in offline available video material, which can then be used to create interactive movies. To robustify against tracker failure the proposed scheme merges the filteri...

In many group-living animals dominant individuals occupy the center of a group. This is generally thought to reflect a preference for locations, that provide optimal protection against predators. However, in this paper I will show that such spatial-structure also emerges among artificial entities that lack preference for any spatial location. The artificial entities dwell in a homogeneous world...

Evidence supporting the higher prevalence of PTSD linked to combat-related trauma in military personnel and veteran populations is well-established. Consequently, much research has explored the effects that combat related trauma and the subsequent PTSD may have on different aspects of relationship functioning and adjustment. In particular, PTSD in military and veterans has been linked with perp...

In a bi-directional relay channel, a pair of nodes wish to exchange independent messages over a shared wireless half-duplex channel with the help of relays. Recent work has mostly considered information theoretic limits of the bi-directional relay channel with two terminal nodes (or end users) and one relay. In this work we consider bi-directional relaying with one base station, multiple termin...

In a bi-directional relay channel, two nodes wish to exchange independent messages over a shared wireless half-duplex channel with the help of relays. Recent work has considered information theoretic limits of the bi-directional relay channel with a single relay. In this work we consider bi-directional relaying with multiple relays. We derive achievable rate regions and outer bounds for half-du...

IP multicast confronts a severe scalability problem when there are large numbers of multicast groups in the network due to state explosion and control explosion. In backbone networks, this state scalability problem is exacerbated, since there are potentially enormous multicast groups crossing backbone domains. To improve the state scalability of multicast in backbone domains, in this paper, we ...