In this article, I cast doubt on an apparent truism, namely, that if evidence is available for gathering and use at a negligible cost, then it’s always instrumentally rational us to gather it making decisions. Call ‘value of information’ (VOI). show VOI conflicts with two other plausible theses. The first the view agent’s can entail non-trivial propositions about external world. second epistemi...

Sex-biased genes are thought to drive phenotypic differences between males and females. The recent availability of high-throughput gene expression data for many related species has led to a burst of investigations into the genomic and evolutionary properties of sex-biased genes. In Drosophila, a number of studies have found that X chromosomes are deficient in male-biased genes (demasculinized) ...